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Sent on Friday, 2012 January 27Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30367. Epub 2012 Jan 18.Cytokinesis in Bloodstream Stage Trypanosoma brucei Requires a Family of Katanins and Spastin.Benz C, Clucas C, Mottram JC, Hammarton TC.SourceWellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. AbstractMicrotubule severing enzymes regulate microtubule dynamics in a wide range of organisms and are implicated in important cell cycle processes such as mitotic spindle assembly and disassembly, chromosome movement and cytokinesis. Here we explore the function of several microtubule severing enzyme homologues, the katanins (KAT80, KAT60a, KAT60b and KAT60c), spastin (SPA) and fidgetin (FID) in the bloodstream stage of the African trypanosome parasite, Trypanosoma brucei. The trypanosome cytoskeleton is microtubule based and remains assembled throughout the cell cycle, necessitating its remodelling during cytokinesis. Using RNA interference to deplete individual proteins, we show that the trypanosome katanin and spastin homologues are non-redundant and essential for bloodstream form proliferation. Further, cell cycle analysis revealed that these proteins play essential but discrete roles in cytokinesis. The KAT60 proteins each appear to be important during the early stages of cytokinesis, while downregulation of KAT80 specifically inhibited furrow ingression and SPA depletion prevented completion of abscission. In contrast, RNA interference of FID did not result in any discernible effects. We propose that the stable microtubule cytoskeleton of T. brucei necessitates the coordinated action of a family of katanins and spastin to bring about the cytoskeletal remodelling necessary to complete cell division. |
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| 2. | J Res Med Sci. 2011 Aug;16(8):1032-9.In vitro and in v ivo activities of Peganum harmala extract against Leishmania major.Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Ebrahimi SA, Ourmazdi H, Selseleh M, Karjalian M, Haj-Hassani G, Alimohammadian MH, Mahmoudian M, Shafiei M.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, Razi Institute for Drug Research, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AbstractBACKGROUND:In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities of crude hydroalcoholic extract of peganum harmala seeds were investigated against Leishmania major. METHODS:The extract of aerial parts of P harmala was obtained by maceration. The in vitro experiments were performed on promastigotes to assess antileishmanial activity of the extract using amphotericin B as a reference. The in vivo studies were carried out on cutaneous leishmaniasis in outbred mice to evaluate the effects of topical application of the ointment-based extract. RESULTS:The in vitro experiments showed a concentration-dependent decrease of parasites number caused by the extract with an IC50 value of 59.4 μg/ml. In vivo studies demonstrated a significant post-treatment decrease in the lesion size and parasite count in infected animals, compared to placebo and control groups. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the crude extract demonstrated the existence of harmaline and harmine as beta-carboline alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS:P harmala seeds extract showed significant in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities. Most biological activity of the extract could be attributed to its beta-carboline content. However, another alkaloid of P harmala seeds extract, peganine, has also been reported to have antileishmanial activity. These beneficial effects can be attributed to the cumulative effects of various biologically active components present in it. |
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| 3. | J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in a patient treated with Injectable Paromomycin for Visceral leishm aniasis-First case report from India.Pandey K, Das V, Singh D, Das S, Lal C, Verma N, Bimal S, Topno R, Siddiqui N, Verma R, Sinha P, Das P.SourceRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India. 800007. AbstractPost Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin manifestation that usually develops after treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), a major public health problem in India. The diagnosis and management of PKDL is complex. This is the first case report from India in which PKDL occurred after paromomycin treatment for VL in an Indian patient. |
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| 4. | Biomol NMR Assign. 2012 Jan 26. [Epub ahead of print]Backbone and side chain (1)H, (15)N & (13)C chemical shift assignments of the holo-acyl carrier protein (ACP) of Leishmania major.Kumar A, Surolia A, Sundd M.SourceNational Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India. AbstractAcyl carrier protein (ACP) is a small acidic protein, an important cofactor involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. Its main function is to protect the growing acyl chain from the hydrophilic environment during fatty acid biosynthesis and simultaneously, present it to the active site of fatty acid pathway enzymes, liable for its elongation. The ACP molecule is expressed as apo-ACP (inactive) and is post-transitionally modified to the holo form (active) by the enzyme holo ACP synthase (ACPS). Here we report the complete backbone and side chain chemical shift assignments of the holo-ACP molecule of Leishmania major. |
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| 5. | Nature. 2012 Jan 25. doi: 10.1038/nature10771. [Epub ahead of print]High-throughput decoding of antitrypanosomal drug efficacy and resistance.Alsford S, Eckert S, Baker N, Glover L, Sanchez-Flores A, Leung KF, Turner DJ, Field MC, Berriman M, Horn D.SourceLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. AbstractThe concept of disease-specific chemotherapy was developed a century ago. Dyes and arsenical compounds that displayed selectivity against trypanosomes were central to this work, and the drugs that emerged remain in use for treating human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). The importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying selective drug action and resistance for the development of improved HAT therapies has been recognized, but these mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Here we use all five current HAT drugs for genome-scale RNA interference target sequencing (RIT-seq) screens in Trypanosoma brucei, revealing the transporters, organelles, enzymes and metabolic pathways that function to facilitate antitrypanosomal drug action. RIT-seq profiling identifies both known drug importers and the only known pro-drug activator, and links more than fifty additional genes to drug action. A bloodstream stage-specific invariant surface glycoprotein (ISG75) family mediates suramin uptake, and the AP1 adaptin complex, lysosomal proteases and major lysosomal transmembrane protein, as well as spermidine and N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis, all contribute to suramin action. Further screens link ubiquinone availability to nitro-drug action, plasma membrane P-type H(+)-ATPases to pentamidine action, and trypanothione and several putative kinases to melarsoprol action. We also demonstrate a major role for aquaglyceroporins in pentamidine and melarsoprol cross-resistance. These advances in our understanding of mechanisms of antitrypanosomal drug efficacy and resistance will aid the rational design of new therapies and help to combat drug resistance, and provide unprecedented molecular insight into the mode of action of antitrypanosomal drugs. |
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| 6. | J Invest Dermatol. 2012 Jan 26. doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.454. [Epub ahead of print]Priming of Leishmania-Reactive CD8(+) T cells In Vivo Does Not Require LMP7-Containing Immunoproteasomes.Brosch S, Tenzer S, Akkad N, Lorenz B, Schild H, Stebut EV.SourceDepartment of Dermatology, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. |
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| 7. | Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]New Rickettsia sp. in tsetse flies from Senegal.Mediannikov O, Audoly G, Diatta G, Trape JF, Raoult D.SourceUnité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE, UMR IRD/CNRS 198/6236, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Campus commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, URMITE UMR 198, BP 1386 CP 18524 Dakar, Senegal. AbstractTsetse flies are blood-sucking insects transmitting African trypanosomiasis. They are known to harbor also three intracellular bacteria that play important role in their lifecycle: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Sodalis glossinidius and Wolbachia sp. We have studied 78 Glossina morsitans submorsitans collected in Senegal. In all studied flies we amplified genes of bacterium phylogenetically close to obligate intracellular pathogen Rickettsia felis, the agent of spotted fever in humans. We also visualized this rickettsia in the cells of tsetse flies by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The role of this probable fourth endosymbiotic bacterium of tsetse flies in Glossina lifecycle and possible pathogenecity for humans should be further investigated. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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| 8. | Mol Ecol Resour. 2012 Jan 25. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03117.x. [Epub ahead of print]DNA barcoding for identification of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in India.Kumar NP, Srinivasan R, Jambulingam P.SourceVector Control Research Centre Field Station (ICMR), Kottayam 686002, Kerala, India Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Puducherry 605006, India. AbstractAbout 50 species of sand flies have been reported to be prevalent in India. We explored the utility of the DNA barcode approach towards species identification of these medically important insects. A total of 62 specimens belonging to seven morphologically identified species of two genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, collected from Puducherry Union Territory, Maharashtra and Rajasthan states of India were subjected to the analysis. Neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of DNA barcode sequences identified the individuals of seven morphological species into eight distinct species, as presented in the designed NJ tree. This methodology delineated morphologically identified species, S. bailyi, into two genetically isolated groups. Also, this study characterizes DNA barcodes of P. argentipes and P. papatasi, the vector species of leishmaniasis in India, for the first time. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
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| 9. | Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2011 Dec 13;131(24):2486.[In Process Citation]. [Article in Norwegian] Flægstad T.S ourceBarneavdelingen, Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge og Universitetet i Tromsø, Norway. trond.flaegstad@unn.no |
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| 10. | Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2011 Dec 13;131(24):2482-6.A 15-month-old girl with fever and pancytopenia. [Article in English, Norwegian] Skram MK, Bjering S, Hermansen NO, Dini L, Hellebostad M.SourceDepartment of Paediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway. AbstractA 15 month-old girl was admitted after a couple of months' history of illness with remittent fever, increasing pallor and a swollen abdomen. On admission she was highly febrile, with palpably enlarged liver and spleen. Blood tests revealed pancytopenia, a high CRP level and a high serum ferritin level. We describe the diagnostic evaluation, interpretation and treatment. |
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