What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2012 March 03
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 4 of 4

1.	Biomol NMR Assign. 2012 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print] (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C chemical shift assignments of the calflagin Tb24 flagellar calcium binding protein of Trypanosoma brucei. Xu X, Olson CL, Engman DM, Ames JB. Source Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. Abstract Flagellar calcium binding proteins are expressed in a variety of trypanosomes and are potential drug targets for Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness. We report complete NMR chemical shift assignments of the flagellar calcium binding protein calflagin Tb24 of Trypanosoma brucei. (BMRB no. 18011).
	PMID: 22382573 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	Parasitol Res. 2012 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print] Application of molecular techniques in the study of natural infection of Leishmania infantum vectors and utility of sandfly blood meal d igestion for epidemiological surveys of leishmaniasis. Alcover MM, Gramiccia M, Di Muccio T, Ballart C, Castillejo S, Picado A, Portús M, Gállego M. Source Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. Abstract Epidemiological studies on the distribution of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) have been based principally on serological surveys of the canine reservoir. This methodology is useful due to the facility of sampling, the rapidity in obtaining results, its consistency and because it allows the detection of heterogeneous foci of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) even in small areas. Other investigations have analysed Leishmania parasitism in sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) by using classical dissection techniques. These techniques allow the vector species to be incriminated in different foci, although they suffer from being very time consuming. Lately, studies in this field are increasingly using molecular techniques, which are faster and easier to perform. In the present work, we applied a nested-PCR in a study of natural infection of sandflies by Leishmania in three isolated farms where serological data on canine leishmaniasis of local dogs were also obtained. The analysis allowed the detection of 38.7% of females with positive nested-PCR (78%, 18% and 0%, respectively, in the different isolated farms). The positive Leishmania DNA samples were genotyped and identified as L. infantum. The results of this work provide new data for the vectorial capacity of Phlebotomus ariasi in a Pyrenean area, which can be considered at risk of becoming a new focus of CanL. The females with positive nested-PCR displayed blood in the midgut at different degrees of digestion, and/or were gravid. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk of nested-PCR-positivity increased significantly with the degree of blood digestion (OR = 1.3; P value = 0.025). The Phlebotomus species and the presence of eggs were not statistically associated with nested-PCR positivity (P value of >0.05). The correlation of positive nested-PCR results with the presence of seropositive dogs in the farm confirms the utility of this technique in the study of the distribution and intensity of leishmaniasis foci. Also, the importance of sandfly blood-meal digestion for epidemiological surveys of leishmaniasis foci has been demonstrated.
	PMID: 22382204 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3.	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Feb 28. [Epub ahead of print] Deltamethrin and permethrin residue on long-lasting insecticidal nets after 18 months of use in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area in Nepal. Das M, Roy L, Picado A, Kroeger A, Rijal S, Boelaert M. Source B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Abstract The insecticide residue on two types of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN), Olyset Net and PermaNet 2.0, used in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic village in eastern Nepal was quantified using HPLC. After two washes during 18 months of use the mean insecticide residues on PermaNet 2.0 and Olyset Net were 53.5mg/m(2) (97.3% of the target dose) of deltamethrin and 911.8mg/m(2) (91.2% of the target dose) of permethrin, respectively. These residues were close to the insecticide loads specified by the manufacturers of the two LLINs. The use of LLINs has been postulated as an alternative or complementary method to indoor residual spraying. Our results suggest that LLINs should be washed 4-5 times each year throughout their lifespan by specifically requesting villagers to wash nets on certain dates. The insecticide residue on the nets and their bioefficacy against sand fly vectors should be monitored after each wash, in various cultural settings, to assess their durability and long-term retention of the insectide. Copyright © 2012 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22381627 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

4.	Exp Parasitol. 2012 Feb 21. [Epub ahead of print] LDL uptake by Leishmania amazonensis: Involvement of membrane lipid microdomains. De Cicco NN, Pereira MG, Corrêa JR, Andrade-Neto VV, Saraiva FB, Chagas-Lima AC, Gondim KC, Torres-Santos EC, Folly E, Saraiva EM, Cunha-E-Silva NL, Soares MJ, Atella GC. Source Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21.941-902, Brazil. Abstract Leishmania amazonensis lacks a de novo mechanism for cholesterol synthesis and therefore must scavenge this lipid from the host environment. In this study we show that the L. amazonensis takes up and metabolizes human LDL(1) particles in both a time and dose-dependent manner. This mechanism implies the presence of a true LDL receptor because the uptake is blocked by both low temperature and by the excess of non-labelled LDL. This receptor is probably associated with specific microdomains in the membrane of the parasite, such as rafts, because this process is blocked by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCBD). Cholesteryl ester fluorescently-labeled LDL (BODIPY-cholesteryl-LDL) was used to follow the intracellular distribution of this lipid. After uptake it was localized in large compartments along the parasite body. The accumulation of LDL was analyzed by flow cytometry using FITC-labeled LDL particles. Together these data show for the first time that L. amazonensis is able to compensate for its lack of lipid synthesis through the use of a lipid importing machinery largely based on the uptake of LDL particles from the host. Understanding the details of the molecular events involved in this mechanism may lead to the identification of novel targets to block Leishmania infection in human hosts. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc.
	PMID: 22381219 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]