What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Wednesday, 2012 March 21
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 9 of 9

1.	Trop Doct. 2012 Apr;42(2):112-3. Use of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a comparison with the conventional scraping method. Hosseinzadeh M, Omidifar N, Lohrasb MH. Source Department of Pathology, Medical School (Faculty), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran omidifar@gmail.com. Abstract Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Iran. Scraping smears are widely used and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is now attracting more attention. Both methods were performed on the clinically suspected cases in our study. Smears were stained using Giemsa. We compared the sensitivity, specificity and some other aspects of these two methods. Of our 400 patients, 346 had specimens that were positive for leishman body, and of these 328 were detected using both methods. However, 42 cases were confirmed positive by FNA cytology and 18 as a result of scraping smears. There was a significant difference between the two methods in the detection of leishman body and microgranuloma, slide background and patient comfort. The sensitivity of FNA cytology was greater even though the specificity was the same. Our study confirmed the advantages of FNA cytology as a reliable method for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
	PMID: 22431831 [PubMed - in process]
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2.	Am J Pathol. 2012 Mar 16. [Epub ahead of print] Promotion of a Functional B Cell Germinal Center Resp onse after Leishmania spp. Co-Infection Is Associated with Lesion Resolution. Gibson-Corley KN, Boggiatto PM, Bockenstedt MM, Petersen CA, Waldschmidt TJ, Jones DE. Source Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Abstract Co-infection of C3HeB/FeJ (C3H) mice with both Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis leads to a healed footpad lesion, whereas co-infection of C57Bl/6 (B6) mice leads to non-healing lesions. This inability to heal corresponds to a deficiency in B cell stimulation of the macrophage-mediated killing of L. amazonensis in vitro and a less robust antibody response. The mechanism that leads to healing of these lesions is not completely known, although our studies implicate the B cell response as having an important effector function in killing L. amazonensis. To understand more completely this disparate clinical outcome to the same infection, we analyzed the draining lymph node germinal center B cell response between co-infected C3H and B6 mice. There were more germinal center B cells, more antibody isotype-switched germinal center B cells, more memory B cells, and more antigen-specific antibody-producing cells in co-infected C3H mice compared to B6 mice as early as 2 weeks postinfection. Interleukin (IL)-21 production and IL-21 receptor expression in both mouse strains, however, were similar at 2 weeks, suggesting that the difference in the anti-Leishmania response in these mouse strains may be due to differences in T follicular cell commitment or intrinsic B cell differences. These data support the idea that functional B cells are important for healing L. amazonensis in this infectious disease model. Copyright © 2012 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22429963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3.	Parasit Vectors. 2012 Mar 19;5(1):51. [Epub ahead of print] Insecticide susceptibility status of Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti and Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi in endemic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco. Faraj C, Ouahabi S, Adlaoui EB, Elkohli M, Lakraa L, Elrhazi M, Ameur B. Abstract ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Morocco, cutaneous leishmaniasis is transmitted by Phlebotomus sergenti and Ph. papatasi. Vector control is mainly based on environmental management but indoor residual spraying with synthetic pyrethroids is applied in many foci of Leishmania tropica. However, the levels and distribution of sandfly susceptibility to insecticides currently used has not been studied yet. Hence, this study was undertaken to establish the susceptibility status of Ph. sergenti and Ph. papatasi to lambdacyhalothrin, DDT and malathion. METHODS: The insecticide susceptibility status of Ph. sergenti and Ph. papatasi was assessed during 2011, following the standard WHO technique based on discriminating dosage. A series of twenty-five susceptibility tests were carried out on wild populations of Ph. sergenti and Ph. papatasi collected by CDC light traps from seven villages in six different provinces. Knockdown rates (KDT) were noted at 5 min intervals during the exposure to DDT and to lambdacyhalothrin. After one hour of exposure, sandflies were transferred to the observation tubes for 24 hours. After this period, mortality rate was calculated. Data were analyzed by Probit analysis program to determine the knockdown time 50% and 90% (KDT50 and KDT90) values. RESULTS: Study results showed that Ph.sergenti and Ph. papatasi were susceptible to all insecticides tested. Comparison of KDT values showed a clear difference between the insecticide knock-down effect in studied villages. This effect was lower in areas subject to high selective public health insecticide pressure in the framework of malaria or leishmaniasis control. CONCLUSION: Phlebotomus sergenti and Ph. papatasi are susceptible to the insecticides tested in the seven studied villages but they showed a low knockdown effect in Azilal, Chichaoua and Settat. Therefore, a study of insecticide susceptibility of these vectors in other foci of leishmaniasis is recommended and the level of their susceptibility should be regularly monitored.
	PMID: 22429776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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4.	Nat Prod Commun. 2012 Jan;7(1):133-6. Evaluation of the anti-Leishmania major activity of Satureja bakhtiarica essential oil in vitro. Mohammadpour G, Marzony ET, Farahmand M. Source Department of Biology, Islamic Azad university, Sari Branch, Sari-Iran. Abstract Leishmaniasis is a painless chronic skin disease that is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Due to the importance of this disease and the side effects of chemical drugs, use of drugs of plant origin to treat Leishmaniasis is very important. In the present study, the chemical composition and the anti-Leishmania major activity of the essential oils obtained from Satureja bakhtiarica were evaluated in vitro. The oils were extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and then the chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. Promastigotes of L. major were cultured in both N.N.N and RPMI1640 media. GC-MS analysis showed 13 compounds, in which the major components were the phenolic (37.4%) compounds, thymol (22.6%) and p-cymene (19.3%). The essential oil of S. bakhtiarica showed higher activity against L. major than the standard anti-Leishmania drug, glucantime,. Perhaps because of the high concentration of phenolic compounds in the essential oil, all the parasites were killed after 24 hours. The essential oil from S. bakhtiarica is a potential plant drug against leishmaniasis. Further studies are necessary to evaluate this oil in animal models (in vivo) for future drug applications.
	PMID: 22428267 [PubMed - in process]
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5.	Nat Prod Commun. 2012 Jan;7(1):71-4. Antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of Bothropoides lutzi ven om. de Menezes RR, Torres AF, da Silva TS, de Sousa DF, Lima DB, Norjosa DB, Nogueira NA, Oliveira MF, de Oliveira MR, Monteiro HS, Martins AM. Source Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Abstract The therapeutic potential of toxins has aroused great interest in the scientific community. Microbial resistance is a serious current public health problem, in part because of the wide use of antimicrobial drugs. Furthermore, there are several problems in the treatment of parasitic diseases such as leishmaniosis and Chagas' disease, including the low efficacy in some clinical phases of the diseases and the loss of effectiveness of benzonidazole in the chronic phase of Chagas' disease. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial and antiparasitic effects of Bothropoides lutzi total venom (BltTV). The venom exerted an antibacterial effect on S. aureus, with MIC=MLC=200 microg/mL. The inhibitory effects of BltTV on promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and L. chagasi were assessed by counting of viable cells after incubation with BltTV. IC50 values of 234.6 microg/mL and 61.2 microg/mL, were obtained, respectively. Furthermore, the venom repressed epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi growth. Finally, BltTV was verified to affect murine peritoneal macrophages, causing a cytotoxic effect at the highest concentrations (100 and 50 microg/mL). In conclusion, Bothropoides lutzi venom demonstrated antibacterial and antiparasite effects, suggesting that the venom contains some substance(s) of therapeutic value.
	PMID: 22428250 [PubMed - in process]
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6.	J Proteomics. 2011 Aug 24;74(9):1673-82. Epub 2011 May 17. Differential expression of Trypanosoma cruzi I associated with clinical forms of Chagas disease: overexpression of oxidative stress proteins in acute patient isolate. Díaz ML, Solari A, González CI. Source Grupo de Inmunología y Epidemiología Molecular, GIEM, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Abstract Chagas disease has a variable clinical course with different manifestations and heterogenous geographical distribution. Some studies suggest that this clinical variability could be influenced by the genetic variability of T. cruzi. Here we present the differential protein expression among trypomastigotes and amastigotes of T. cruzi group I isolates from patients with acute and chronic form of Chagas disease from Santander, Colombia. A total of 29 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS; twenty in trypomastigote and nine in amastigote stage. The 29 proteins identified were grouped in 7 functional categories: 1) metabolism 31%, 2) assembly of cytoskeleton 13.7%, 3) protein destination 13.7%, 4) defenses antioxidants 20.6%, 5) protein synthesis and cellular cycle 13.7%, 6) catabolism 6.8%, and 7) adhesion 3.4%. Tryparedoxin peroxidase, lipoamide dehydrogenase, tyrosine amino transferase and HSP70 were overexpressed in the acute Chagas isolate. Tryparedoxin peroxidase overexpression in the acute isolate was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Most of these proteins are associated with resistance to oxidative stress facilitating their survival within host cells. Therefore, these proteins may represent virulence factors associated with the development of the acute form of the disease and could be used as biomarkers of the clinical course of disease and as drug targets. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 21642025 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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7.	J Proteomics. 2011 Aug 24;74(9):1693-700. Epub 2011 May 11. Redundancy of proteins in the salivary glands of Panstrongylus megistus secure s prolonged procurement for blood meals. Bussacos AC, Nakayasu ES, Hecht MM, Assumpção TC, Parente JA, Soares CM, Santana JM, Almeida IC, Teixeira AR. Source Chagas Disease Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. Abstract Panstrongylus megistus, a vector for the Chagas disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a hematophagous bug widely distributed in South America. This ubiquitous triatomine is known to colonize different wild life habitats. Additionally, P. megistus synanthropy, preying upon mammals, birds, reptiles, and eventually being predators upon insect's hemolymph probably increases its ability to survive after prolonged fasting. It was suspected that the P. megistus mechanisms of adaptation to survival might include a salivary gland complex tool-box with a diversity of pharmacologically active proteins for obtaining blood meals. Herein we describe comprehensive proteome and transcriptome of the P. megistus salivary gland. The proteomic analysis led to the identification of 159 proteins, and the transcriptome revealed 47 complete cDNAs. A diversity of protein functions associated to blood feeding was identified. The most prevalent proteins were related to blood clotting, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-vasoconstriction activities, which correlate with the insect's ability to obtain meals from different sources. Moreover, a gene of resistance to insecticides was identified. These features augments the comprehension towards P. megistus enormous capacity to survive in adverse wild life-changing habitats. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V.
	PMID: 21601023 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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8.	J Proteomics. 2011 Aug 24;74(9):1683-92. Epub 2011 Apr 22. Molecular characterization and interactome analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi trypar edoxin 1. Piñeyro MD, Parodi-Talice A, Portela M, Arias DG, Guerrero SA, Robello C. Source Unidad de Biología Molecular-Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. Abstract Trypanosoma cruzi tryparedoxin 1 (TcTXN1) is an oxidoreductase belonging to the thioredoxin superfamily, which mediates electron transfer between trypanothione and peroxiredoxins. In trypanosomes TXNs, and not thioredoxins, constitute the oxido-reductases of peroxiredoxins. Since, to date, there is no information concerning TcTXN1 substrates in T. cruzi, the aim of this work was to characterize TcTXN1 in two aspects: expression throughout T. cruzi life cycle and subcellular localization; and the study of TcTXN1 interacting-proteins. We demonstrate that TcTXN1 is a cytosolic and constitutively expressed protein in T. cruzi. In order to start to unravel the redox interactome of T. cruzi we designed an active site mutant protein lacking the resolving cysteine, and validated the complex formation in vitro between the mutated TcTXN1 and a known partner, the cytosolic peroxiredoxin. Through the expression of this mutant protein in parasites with an additional 6xHis-tag, heterodisulfide complexes were isolated by affinity chromatography and identified by 2-DE/MS. This allowed us to identify fifteen TcTXN1 proteins which are involved in two main processes: oxidative metabolism and protein synthesis and degradation. Our approach led us to the discovery of several putatively TcTXN1-interacting proteins thereby contributing to our understanding of the redox interactome of T. cruzi. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 21539948 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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9.	J Proteomics. 2011 Aug 24;74(9):1652-63. Epub 2011 Mar 8. 2-DE-based proteomic investigation of the saliva of the Amazonian triatomine vec tors of Chagas disease: Rhodnius brethesi and Rhodnius robustus. Costa CM, Sousa MV, Ricart CA, Santana JM, Teixeira AR, Roepstorff P, Charneau S. Source Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil. Abstract The triatomine bugs are obligatory haematophagous organisms that act as vectors of Chagas disease by transmitting the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Their feeding success is strongly related to salivary proteins that allow these insects to access blood by counteracting host haemostatic mechanisms. Proteomic studies were performed on saliva from the Amazonian triatomine bugs: Rhodnius brethesi and R. robustus, species epidemiologically relevant in the transmission of T. cruzi. Initially, salivary proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The average number of spots of the R. brethesi and R. robustus saliva samples were 129 and 135, respectively. The 2-DE profiles were very similar between the two species. Identification of spots by peptide mass fingerprinting afforded limited efficiency, since very few species-specific salivary protein sequences are available in public sequence databases. Therefore, peptide fragmentation and de novo sequencing using a MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer were applied for similarity-driven identifications which generated very positive results. The data revealed mainly lipocalin-like proteins which promote blood feeding of these insects. The redundancy of saliva sequence identification suggested multiple isoforms caused by gene duplication followed by gene modification and/or post-translational modifications. In the first experimental assay, these proteins were predominantly phosphorylated, suggesting functional phosphoregulation of the lipocalins. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 21362504 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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