What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 10 of 12

1.	PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35349. Epub 2012 Apr 25. Genetic control of canine leishmaniasis: genome-wide association study and genomic selection analysis. Quilez J, Martínez V, Woolliams JA, Sanchez A, Pong-Wong R, Kennedy LJ, Quinnell RJ, Ollier WE, Roura X, Ferrer L, Altet L, Francino O. Source Departament de Genètica Animal, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Abstract BACKGROUND: The current disease model for leishmaniasis suggests that only a proportion of infected individuals develop clinical disease, while others are asymptomatically infected due to immune control of infection. The factors that determine whether individuals progress to clinical disease following Leishmania infection are unclear, although previous studies suggest a role for host genetics. Our hypothesis was that canine leishmaniasis is a complex disease with multiple loci responsible for the progression of the disease from Leishmania infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Genome-wide association and genomic selection approaches were applied to a population-based case-control dataset of 219 dogs from a single breed (Boxer) genotyped for ∼170,000 SNPs. Firstly, we aimed to identify individual disease loci; secondly, we quantified the genetic component of the observed phenotypic variance; and thirdly, we tested whether genome-wide SNP data could accurately predict the disease. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We estimated that a substantial proportion of the genome is affecting the trait and that its heritability could be as high as 60%. Using the genome-wide association approach, the strongest associations were on chromosomes 1, 4 and 20, although none of these were statistically significant at a genome-wide level and after correcting for genetic stratification and lifestyle. Amongst these associations, chromosome 4: 61.2-76.9 Mb maps to a locus that has previously been associated with host susceptibility to human and murine leishmaniasis, and genomic selection estimated markers in this region to have the greatest effect on the phenotype. We therefore propose these regions as candidates for replication studies. An important finding of this study was the significant predictive value from using the genomic information. We found that the phenotype could be predicted with an accuracy of ∼0.29 in new samples and that the affection status was correctly predicted in 60% of dogs, significantly higher than expected by chance, and with satisfactory sensitivity-specificity values (AUC = 0.63).
	PMID: 22558142 [PubMed - in process]

2.	J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2012 Jan;5(1):30-5. Spatial Analysis of Eco-environmental Risk Factors of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Iran. Ali-Akbarpour M, Mohammadbeigi A, Tabatabaee SH, Hatam G. Source Department of Epidemiology, Health Faculty, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis, it is still considered as a severe public health problem particularly in developing countries and a great economic burden on the health resources. The present study was designed and conducted to determine the eco-environmental characteristics of the leishmaniasis disease by spatial analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an ecological study, data were collected on eco-environmental factors of Fars province in Iran and on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases from 2002 to 2009. geographic weighted regression (GWR) was used to analyse the data and compare them with ordinary least square (OLS) regression model results. Moran's Index was applied for analysis of spatial autocorrelation in residual of OLS. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant and adjusted R(2) was used for model preferences. RESULTS: There was a significant spatial autocorrelation in the residuals of OLS model (Z=2.45, P=0.014). GWR showed that rainy days, minimum temperature, wind velocity, maximum relative humidity and population density were the most important eco-environmental risk factors and explained 0.388 of the associated factors of CL. CONCLUSION: Spatial analysis can be a good tool for detection and prediction of CL disease. In autocorrelated and non-stationary data, GWR model yields a better fitness than OLS regression model. Also, population density can be used as a surrogate variable of acquired immunity and increase the adjusted R(2).
	PMID: 22557853 [PubMed - in process]

3.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 May;86(5):825-827. First Case of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Suriname. Hu RV, Kent AD, Adams ER, van der Veer C, Sabajo LO, Mans DR, de Vries HJ, Schallig HD, Fat RF. Source Dermatology Service, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname; Department of Parasitology, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname; Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT)/Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Biomedical Research, Parasitology Unit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; STI Outpatient Clinic, Cluster Infectious Diseases, Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Infection and Immunity (CINIMA), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Academic Hospital, Paramaribo, Suriname. Abstract Abstract. The main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Suriname is Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis. This case report presents a patient infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, a species never reported before in Suriname. This finding has clinical implications, because L. braziliensis has a distinct clinical phenotype characterized by mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, a more extensive and destructive form of CL that requires different treatment. Clinicians should be aware that chronic cutaneous ulcers in patients from the Guyana region could be caused by L. braziliensis.
	PMID: 22556081 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

4.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 May;86(5):821-4. Autochthonous Disseminated Dermal and Visceral Leishmaniasis in an AIDS Patient, Southern Thailand, Caused by Leishmania siamensis. Bualert L, Charungkiattikul W, Thongsuksai P, Mungthin M, Siripattanapipong S, Khositnithikul R, Naaglor T, Ravel C, El Baidouri F, Leelayoova S. Source Department of Dermatology, Trang Hospital, Trang, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Trang Hospital, Trang, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Academic Hospital of Montpellier, French Reference Centre on Leishmaniasis, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5290, Montpellier, France. Abstract Abstract. We report the first establishment of in vitro cultivation and genotypic characterization of Leishmania siamensis isolated from an autochthonous disseminated dermal and visceral leishmaniasis in a Thai acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient. The molecular identification has shown that the parasite was identical to L. siamensis, a recently described Leishmania species reported in the southern provinces of Thailand. The phylogenetic analysis has confirmed L. siamensis as closely related to the zoonotic Leishmania species L. enrietti.
	PMID: 22556080 [PubMed - in process]

5.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 May;86(5):812-20. Congenital transmission of experimental leishmaniasis in a hamster model. Osorio Y, Rodriguez LD, Bonilla DL, Peniche AG, Henao H, Saldarriaga O, Travi BL. Source Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas, Cali, Colombia; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Abstract Abstract. Little information is available on transplacental transmission of Leishmania spp. We determined the frequency and impact of congenital infection caused by Leishmania panamensis or L. donovani in experimentally infected hamsters. A polymerase chain reaction showed that congenital transmission occurred in 25.8% (24 of 93) of offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters and 14.6% (11 of 75) offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters. Mortality during lactation was higher in offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters and offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters than controls, and lymphoproliferation to Leishmania was more frequent in offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters (17.4%, 11 of 63) than in offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters (8.5%, 3 of 35). After weaning, only offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters had lower weight gain (P < 0.001) and hematocrit levels (P = 0.0045) than controls. Challenge of offspring born to L. panamensis-infected hamsters with L. panamensis showed no differences in lesion evolution, and offspring born to L. donovani-infected hamsters were more susceptible to L. donovani challenge than controls. Consequently, prenatal exposure of hamsters to L. donovani significantly increased the mortality risk and susceptibility to secondary homologous infection.
	PMID: 22556079 [PubMed - in process]

6.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 May;86(5):807-11. An Epidemic Outbreak of Canine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia Caused by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis. Vélez ID, Carrillo LM, López L, Rodríguez E, Robledo SM. Source Program for Study and Control of Tropical Disease - PECET, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; School of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; Health Office at the Army, Republic of Colombia. Abstract Abstract. The largest recorded outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia's history occurred during 2005-2009 in soldiers of the Colombian Army, with ∼40,000 cases. This outbreak was caused by the influx of military personnel into the jungle with the mission of combat illicit crops and the guerrilla. The soldiers remain for long periods within the rainforest and are exposed to the bite of infected sand flies. During the military activities, soldiers work with dogs specially trained to detect landmines, and therefore, dogs are also exposed to the infected sand flies and show high incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This work describes an epidemic outbreak of canine CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis in Colombia, South America. The clinical features of the disease and the response to treatment with pentavalent antimonials observed in 72 guard dogs from the Colombian Army are described. A program for prevention and control of canine CL is also discussed.
	PMID: 22556078 [PubMed - in process]

7.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 May;86(5):799-806. An Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Leishmania infantum Isolates from Infected Dogs in Brazil. da S Batista LF, Segatto M, Guedes CE, Sousa RS, Rodrigues CA, Brazuna JC, Silva JS, Santos SO, Larangeira D, Macedo AM, Schriefer A, Veras PS. Source Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção do CPqGM, FIOCRUZ, Bahia, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia ICB-UFMG, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, UFBa, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Departamento de Morfofisiologia, Campo Grande, Brazil; Prefeitura Municipal de Campo Grande, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde Pública Sesau, Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, UFBa, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT). Abstract Abstract. Correlations between the genetic diversity of Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) isolates and their respective geographic origins support the theoretic assumption that visceral leishmaniasis probably originated in the Old World. Because dogs are widely considered to be the main reservoir of this disease, the present study aimed to investigate the degree of genetic divergence among 44 leishmanial canine isolates from two Brazilian cities, Jequié and Campo Grande, located approximately 2,028 km from each other. We hypothesized that a low degree of genetic divergence would be observed among these isolates. In fact, statistical analyses found no significant differences between the isolates using both random amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus microsatellite typing genotyping techniques with three and seven markers, respectively. These findings provide support for the recent introduction of L. infantum into the New World.
	PMID: 22556077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

8.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 May;86(5):792-798. Usefulness of the rK39-Immunochromatographic Test, Direct Agglutination Test, and Leishmanin Skin Test for Detecting Asymptomatic Leishmania Infection in Children in a New Visceral Leishmaniasis Focus in Amhara State, Ethiopia. Gadisa E, Custodio E, Cañavate C, Sordo L, Abebe Z, Nieto J, Chicharro C, Aseffa A, Yamuah L, Engers H, Moreno J, Cruz I. Source Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Leishmaniasis, Servicio de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Amhara Regional State Laboratory, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Abstract Abstract. In areas where visceral leishmaniasis is anthroponotic, asymptomatically infected patients may play a role in transmission. Additionally, the number of asymptomatic patients in a disease-endemic area will also provide information on transmission dynamics. Libo Kemkem and Fogera districts (Amhara State, Ethiopia) are now considered newly established areas to which visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. In selected villages in these districts, we conducted a study to assess the usefulness of different approaches to estimate the asymptomatic infection rate. Of 605 participants, the rK39 immunochromatographic test was able to detect asymptomatic infection in 1.5% (9 of 605), direct agglutination test in 5.3% (32 of 605), and leishmanin skin test in 5.6% (33 of 589); the combined use of serologic methods and leishmanin skin test enabled detecting asymptomatic infection in 10.1% (61 of 605). We conclude that the best option to detect asymptomatic infection in this new visceral leishmaniasis-endemic focus is the combined use of the direct agglutination test and the leishmanin skin test.
	PMID: 22556076 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

9.	Acta Cytol. 2012;56(3):304-9. Epub 2012 Apr 26. Molecular diagnosis and species identification of mucosal leishmaniasis in iran and correlation with cytological findings. Shirian S, Oryan A, Hatam GR, Daneshbod K, Daneshbod Y. Source Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Abstract Objective: Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is a rare destructive disease that mainly affects the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose. The etiologic agent(s) of ML are not well known in the Middle East. Study Design: Cytologic smears of ML from the mucosal lesions of 7 patients were prepared by scraping. In 2 patients with nasal lesions, exfoliative cytology was made by washing the nasal cavity. The smears were both air dried and fixed in alcohol and stained. Scrapings from the same smears were then tested for leishmanial DNA by nested PCR. Results: This study characterized 9 isolates of ML, with 7 cases identified as Leishmania major and 2 as Leishmania tropica. While 6 patients were found to be positive by the cytology technique, the nested PCR was positive for all of these samples. Conclusions: Presence of granuloma and multinucleated giant cells in the negative smears of the patients who showed clinical manifestation of ML was an important clue for diagnosis of this disease. The PCR-based method not only appears to be a precise diagnostic approach in the identification of suspected cases of ML but is also efficient in determining the species of the parasite. L. major and L. tropica can lead to ML, but they result in different cytologic features. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.
	PMID: 22555534 [PubMed - in process]

10.	Infect Genet Evol. 2012 Jul;12(5):1102-10. Epub 2012 Mar 28. Wound healing genes and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Castellucci L, Jamieson SE, Almeida L, Oliveira J, Guimarães LH, Lessa M, Fakiola M, Jesus AR, Nancy Miller E, Carvalho EM, Blackwell JM. Source National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. Abstract Leishmania braziliensis causes cutaneous (CL) and mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis. In the mouse, Fli1 was identified as a gene influencing enhanced wound healing and resistance to CL caused by Leishmania major. Polymorphism at FLI1 is associated with CL caused by L. braziliensis in humans, with an inverse association observed for ML disease. Here we extend the analysis to look at other wound healing genes, including CTGF, TGFB1, TGFBR1/2, SMADS 2/3/4/7 and FLII, all functionally linked along with FLI1 in the TGF beta pathway. Haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag-SNPs) were genotyped using Taqman technology in 325 nuclear families (652 CL cases; 126 ML cases) from Brazil. Robust case-pseudocontrol (CPC) conditional logistic regression analysis showed associations between CL and SNPs at CTGF (SNP rs6918698; CC genotype; OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.10-2.54; P=0.016), TGFBR2 (rs1962859; OR 1.50; 95%CI 1.12-1.99; P=0.005), SMAD2 (rs1792658; OR 1.57; 95%CI 1.04-2.38; P=0.03), SMAD7 (rs4464148; AA genotype; OR 2.80; 95%CI 1.00-7.87; P=0.05) and FLII (rs2071242; OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.14-2.24; P=0.005), and between ML and SNPs at SMAD3 (rs1465841; OR 2.15; 95%CI 1.13-4.07; P=0.018) and SMAD7 (rs2337107; TT genotype; OR 3.70; 95%CI 1.27-10.7; P=0.016). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that all SNPs associated with CL at FLI1, CTGF, TGFBR2, and FLII showed independent effects from each other, but SNPs at SMAD2 and SMAD7 did not add independent effects to SNPs from other genes. These results suggest that TGFβ signalling via SMAD2 is important in directing events that contribute to CL, whereas signalling via SMAD3 is important in ML. Both are modulated by the inhibitory SMAD7 that acts upstream of SMAD2 and SMAD3 in this signalling pathway. Along with the published FLI1 association, these data further contribute to the hypothesis that wound healing processes are important determinants of pathology associated with cutaneous forms of leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22554650 [PubMed - in process]