What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Friday, 2012 June 01
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 3 of 3

1.	J Trop Med. 2012;2012:126093. Epub 2012 May 9. Visceral leishmaniasis clinical management in endemic districts of India, Nepal, and bangladesh. Banjara MR, Hirve S, Siddiqui NA, Kumar N, Kansal S, Huda MM, Das P, Rijal S, Gurung CK, Malaviya P, Arana B, Kroeger A, Mondal D. Source Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44168, Nepal. Abstract Background. National VL Elimination Programs in India, Nepal and Bangladesh face challenges as home-based Miltefosine treatment is introduced. Objectives. To study constraints of VL management in endemic districts within context of national elimination programs before and after intervention. Methods. Ninety-two and 41 newly diagnosed VL patients were interviewed for clinical and provider experience in 2009 before and in 2010 after intervention (district training and improved supply of diagnostics and drugs). Providers were assessed for adherence to treatment guidelines. Facilities and doctor-patient consultations were observed to assess quality of care. Results. Miltefosine use increased from 33% to 59% except in Nepal where amphotericin was better available. Incorrect dosage and treatment interruptions were rare. Advice on potential side effects was uncommon but improved significantly in 2010. Physicians did not rule out pregnancy prior to starting Miltefosine. Fever measurement or spleen palpation was infrequently done in Bangladesh but improved after intervention (from 23% to 47%). Physician awareness of renal or liver toxicity as Miltefosine side effects was lower in Bangladesh. Bio-chemical monitoring was uncommon. Patient satisfaction with services remained low for ease of access or time provider spent with patient. Health facilities were better stocked with rK39 kits and Miltefosine in 2010.
	PMID: 22649459 [PubMed - in process]
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2.	J Clin Microbiol. 2012 May 30. [Epub ahead of print] Diagnostic value of conjunctival swab nested-PCR in different categories of dogs naturally exposed to Leishmania infantum infection. Di Muccio T, Veronesi F, Antognoni MT, Onofri A, Fioretti DP, Gramiccia M. Source Unit of Vector-Borne Diseases and International Health, MIPI Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a non-invasive assay for diagnosing canine leishmaniasis (CanL), conjunctival swab (CS) nested-PCR (n-PCR) assay, in different stages of infection, compared with IFAT, lymph node microscopy and buffy-coat n-PCR. To this end, we performed a cross-sectional survey among 253 non-selected dogs in endemic areas of central Italy. We also performed a longitudinal study on CS n-PCR among 20 sick dogs undergoing anti-leishmanial treatment. In the first study, among the 72 animals that were positive to at least one test (28.45%), CS n-PCR showed the best relative performance (76.38%), with a high concordance when compared to standard IFAT serology (κ=0.75). The highest positivity rates using CS n-PCR were found in asymptomatic infected dogs (84.2%) and sick dogs (77.8%); however, the sensitivity of the assay was not associated with the presence of clinical signs. In the follow-up study on treated sick dogs, CS n-PCR was the most sensitive assay, with promising prognostic value for relapses. The univariate analysis of risk factors for CanL based on CS n-PCR findings showed a significant correlation with age (p=0.012), breed size (p=0.026), habitat (p=4.9 x 10(-4)) and previous therapy (p=0.014). Overall, the results indicated that CS n-PCR was the most sensitive assay of the less invasive diagnostic methods and could represent a good option for the early and simple diagnosis of CanL infection in asymptomatic animals and for monitoring relapses in drug-treated dogs.
	PMID: 22649018 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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3.	Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012 Jul;5(7):514-7. Molecular detection of Leishmania isolated from Cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Jask County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran, 2008. Azizi K, Soltani A, Alipour H. Source Department of Medical Entomology, Schools of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate on patients leishmanial infections in Jask County. METHODS: Impression smears were prepared from patients in 2008, all, were chequed for leishmanial infection by microscopy and molecular assays. Whole DNA was extracted using Proteinase K and Phenol/Chloroform/Isoamyl alcohol method. The variable segment on minicircles of kinetoplast DNA was amplified via a Nested-PCR technique using species-specific primers (LIN R4-LIN 17 -Lin 19). RESULTS: A total of 40 smears were prepared from 20 patients, from which, eight samples (40%) were positive for leishman body by microscopic method, while, 18 samples (90%) were positive, molecularly. The parasite was identified as Leishmania major (L. major). CONCLUSION: Zoonotic or Rural cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Jask County whose pathogen is L. major. Molecular assays using specific primers are very accurate and more sensitive and specific than microscopy which is time consuming and needs master microscopists. Copyright © 2012 Hainan Medical College. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22647811 [PubMed - in process]
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