What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Thursday, 2012 June 07
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 5 of 5

1.	Parasitol Res. 2012 Jun 6. [Epub ahead of print] Canine visceral leishmaniasis: relationships between oxidative stress, liver and kidney variables, trace elements, and clinical status. Heidarpour M, Soltani S, Mohri M, Khoshnegah J. Source Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran, heidarpour@um.ac.ir. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathology of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). We therefore studied the relationships between oxidative stress markers, liver and kidney variables, trace elements, and clinical status in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Two groups of Leishmania-infected dogs [asymptomatic (AD, n = 14) and symptomatic (SD, n = 16)] were assessed and compared with a group of non-infected control dogs (CD, n = 30). A significant decrease (p < 0.001) in serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and albumin concentration (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations (p < 0.001), in the SD group, were observed when compared to CD and AD groups. Dogs of the AD group presented a significant decrease in copper (p < 0.01) and zinc (p < 0.001) concentrations, when compared to CD group, while the SD group presented a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in copper and zinc concentrations, when compared to CD and AD groups. Oxidative stress markers (MDA and TAS) showed significant correlations (p < 0.001) with trace elements (copper and zinc) and liver (alanine aminotransferase) and kidney (BUN and creatinine) variables. The results of the present study revealed that symptomatic dogs showed more severe oxidative stress than asymptomatic and non-infected dogs and enhanced lipid peroxidation may be linked to liver and kidney damage in canine visceral leishmaniasis.
	PMID: 22669694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	Parasitol Int. 2012 Jun 2. [Epub ahead of print] Nuclease activity and ultrastructural effects of new sulfonamides with anti-leishmanial and trypanocidal activities. Bilbao-Ramos P, Galiana-Roselló C, Dea-Ayuela MA, González-Alvarez M, Vega C, Rolón M, Pérez-Serrano J, Bolás-Fernández F, González-Rosende ME. Source Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain. Abstract Our aim was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of a series of N-benzenesulfonamides of amine substituted aromatic rings, sulfonamides 1-6, against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. and to compare their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal profile. In order to elucidate the probable mechanism of action, the interaction of selected sulfonamides with pUC18 plasmid DNA was investigated by nuclease activity assays. In addition, the cellular targets of these sulfonamides in treated parasites were also searched by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The most active compounds 4-nitro-N-pyrimidin-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide 1a and 4-chloro-N-5-methyl-thiazol-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide 2d displayed significant in vitro activity against Leishmania spp. promastigotes, without toxicity to J774 macrophages. Selected sulfonamides 1a, 4-nitro-N-pyrazin-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide 1n and 2d were also active against L. infantum intracellular amastigotes. Compounds 1n and 2d showed nuclease activity in the presence of copper salt analogously to our previous results with sulfonamide 1a. Mechanistic data reveal the involvement of a redox process. Evidence for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for DNA strand scission is provided for sulfonamides 1a, 1n and 2d. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of Leishmania infantum promastigotes treated with compounds 1a, 1n and 2d shows an overall cellular disorganization effects which are mainly addressed to DNA bearing structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria and kinetoplast. Disruption of double nuclear membrane and loss of cellular integrity along with accumulation of cytoplasmic electrodense bodies were also frequently observed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22668836 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3.	Acta Trop. 2012 Apr;122(1):108-12. Epub 2011 Dec 27. In vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of some benzimidazole derivatives against two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Díaz-Chiguer DL, Márquez-Navarro A, Nogueda-Torres B, de la Luz León-Ávila G, Pérez-Villanueva J, Hernández-Campos A, Castillo R, Ambrosio JR, Nieto-Meneses R, Yépez-Mulia L, Hernández-Luis F. Source Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitología, IPN, México, DF 11340, Mexico. Abstract The trypanocidal effect of five benzimidazole derivatives (1-5) was determined in vitro and in vivo assays against two strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (NINOA and INC5). The in vitro trypanocidal activity was evaluated by measuring the percentage of lysis of bloodstream trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. Results point to 5-chloro-1H-benzimidazole-2-thiol (1) as the best activity profile compound with a 50% lytic concentration (LC(50)) of 0.014 mM (NINOA strain) and 0.32 mM (INC5 strain). Reference drugs were nifurtimox (Nfx) and benznidazole (Bnz), which on NINOA strain displayed a LC(50)=0.60 mM and LC(50)=0.78 mM, respectively; while on INC5 strain they exhibited LC(50) values of 0.31 mM and 0.69 mM, respectively. The in vivo trypanocidal activity of 1-5 on parasitemia in a murine model acute Chagas' disease indicated that 1 and Nfx showed similar activity on INC5 strain, while 5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-2-thiol (2) and its regioisomer, 6-chloro-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-2-thiol (3), displayed better activity than Nfx and Bnz on NINOA strain. All compounds showed low cytotoxicity against Vero cells, with selective index 38-3000 times higher to the parasite. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22212465 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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4.	Acta Trop. 2012 Apr;122(1):164-7. Epub 2011 Dec 13. Field assessment of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and host survival in the native rodent Octodon degus. Botto-Mahan C, Bacigalupo A, Correa JP, Oda E, Solari A. Source Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. cbotto@uchile.cl Abstract Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the flagellated parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomine insects to several mammalian species acting as reservoir hosts. In the present study, we assess T. cruzi-prevalence, survivorship and T. cruzi-infection rate of the endemic rodent Octodon degus from a hyper-endemic area of Chagas disease in Chile. Parasite detection is performed by PCR assays on blood samples of individuals captured in austral summer of 2010, and on non-infected individuals recaptured in 2011 as well as on new captures. Results show a high infection level in this species (up to 70%). Infected O. degus have the same chance of surviving to the next reproductive season as uninfected individuals, irrespective of sex. We suggest that O. degus, an abundant long-lived rodent with high dispersal capability, could be considered an important native reservoir of T. cruzi in the wild transmission cycle of Chagas disease in Chile. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22192594 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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5.	Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Mar;62(Pt 3):745-54. Epub 2011 Apr 22. Trypanosoma culicavium sp. nov., an avian trypanosome transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Votýpka J, Szabová J, Rádrová J, Zídková L, Svobodová M. Source Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. vapid@natur.cuni.cz Abstract A novel avian trypanosome, Trypanosoma culicavium sp. nov., isolated from Culex mosquitoes, is described on the basis of naturally and experimentally infected vectors and bird hosts, localization in the vector, morphological characters and molecular data. This study provides the first comprehensive description of a trypanosome species transmitted by mosquitoes, in which parasites form plugs and rosettes on the stomodeal valve. Trypanosomes occurred as long epimastigotes and short trypomastigotes in vectors and culture and as long trypomastigotes in birds. Transmission of parasites to bird hosts was achieved exclusively by ingestion of experimentally infected Culex mosquito females by canaries (Serinus canaria), but not by Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), nor by the bite of infected vectors, nor by ingestion of parasites from laboratory cultures. Transmission experiments and the identity of isolates from collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) and Culex mosquitoes suggests that the natural hosts of T. culicavium are insectivorous songbirds (Passeriformes). Phylogenetic analyses of small-subunit rRNA and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences demonstrated that T. culicavium sp. nov. is more related to Trypanosoma corvi than to other avian trypanosomes (e.g. Trypanosoma avium and Trypanosoma bennetti).
	PMID: 21515704 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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