What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Wednesday, 2012 June 13
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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1.	Natl Med J India. 2012 Mar-Apr;25(2):85-9. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of kala-azar. Sundar S, Chakravarty J. Source Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Abstract In India, about 100 000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar are estimated to occur annually, 90% of which occur in the state of Bihar. Currently, antibody-based tests such as the rK39-based immunochromatographic strip test and the direct agglutination test (DAT) are widely used for the diagnosis of VL. However, their major drawback is continued positivity both long after cure and in a high proportion of individuals living in endemic areas. Thus, antibody-based tests must always be used in combination with a standardized clinical case definition for VL. There have been many breakthroughs in the past decade in the treatment of kala-azar in India, such as approval of oral miltefosine and paromomycin, single-dose treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and multidrug treatment. Encouraged by these advances, an ambitious VL elimination programme was launched with the aim to eliminate VL as a public health problem in India, Nepal and Bangladesh by 2015. Early diagnosis, complete treatment of cases, integrated vector management, effective disease surveillance, and clinical and operational research should be the five key components of the strategy to achieve this goal. Copyright 2012, NMJI.
	PMID: 22686715 [PubMed - in process]
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2.	J Phys Chem B. 2012 Feb 16;116(6):1984-91. Epub 2012 Feb 2. QM/MM molecular dynamics study of purine-specific nucleoside hydrolase. Wu R, Gong W, Liu T, Zhang Y, Cao Z. Source School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, East Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. Abstract Although various T. vivax purine-specific inosine-adenosine-guanosine nucleoside hydrolase (IAG-NH) crystal structures were determined in recent years, the mechanistic details for the cleavage of N-glycosidic bond and the release of base are still unclear. Herein, the irreversible hydrolysis reaction has been studied by ab initio QM/MM MD simulations, and the results indicate a highly dissociative and concerted mechanism. The protonation of substrate at N7 of inosine is found to strongly facilitate the hydrolysis process, while the hydrolysis reaction is less sensitive to the protonation state of Asp 40 residue. The proton-transfer channel and the dependence of activity on the anti/syn-conformation of substrate are also explored.
	PMID: 22257300 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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