What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Thursday, 2012 June 21
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 7 of 7

1.	PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38859. Epub 2012 Jun 8. High Quality Long-Term CD4(+) and CD8(+) Effector Memory Populations Stimulated by DNA-LACK/MVA-LACK Regimen in Leishmania major BALB/c Model of Infection. Sánchez-Sampedro L, Gómez CE, Mejías-Pérez E, S Sorzano CO, Esteban M. Source Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. Abstract Heterologous vaccination based on priming with a plasmid DNA vector and boosting with an attenuated vaccinia virus MVA recombinant, with both vectors expressing the Leishmania infantum LACK antigen (DNA-LACK and MVA-LACK), has shown efficacy conferring protection in murine and canine models against cutaneus and visceral leishmaniasis, but the immune parameters of protection remain ill defined. Here we performed by flow cytometry an in depth analysis of the T cell populations induced in BALB/c mice during the vaccination protocol DNA-LACK/MVA-LACK, as well as after challenge with L. major parasites. In the adaptive response, there is a polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation against LACK antigen. At the memory phase the heterologous vaccination induces high quality LACK-specific long-term CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector memory cells. After parasite challenge, there is a moderate boosting of LACK-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Anti-vector responses were largely CD8(+)-mediated. The immune parameters induced against LACK and triggered by the combined vaccination DNA/MVA protocol, like polyfunctionality of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with an effector phenotype, could be relevant in protection against leishmaniasis.
	PMID: 22715418 [PubMed - in process]

2.	An Bras Dermatol. 2012 Jun;87(3):369-74. Comparative analysis of the geographic distribution of the histopathological spectrum and Leishmania species of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Souza LW, Souza SV, Botelho AC. Source Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitário Clemente Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. Abstract BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the relationship between specific geographical differences and histopathology of the American cutaneous leishmaniasis is limited because host-parasite interactions in space and time are complex. OBJECTIVE: To describe the geographic analysis of the histopathological pattern of localized American cutaneous leishmaniasis and the relationship with Leishmania species. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of a sample consisting of 55 patients of municipal districts of Montes Claros and 32 of Caratinga, Minas Gerais, by comparing with other endemic regions in Brazil, assessing historical and microregional data and developing confidence intervals. RESULTS: A preponderance of cellular exudative reactions in the cutaneous form of American cutaneous leishmaniasis was found in the municipal districts of Caratinga, east of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, north of Minas Gerais and Uberlândia, Triangulo Mineiro, and also in the states of Mato Grosso and Ceara. Necrotic and exudative granulomatous reactions were found to be more frequent in the northern areas, mainly in the states of Amazonas and Para. Necrotic and exudative reactions were the most frequent form of presentation found throughout Brazil when the predominance of L. braziliensis was below 90% in relation to other species. CONCLUSION: There is a geographic variation of the immune inflammatory response in American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Geographical correlations between the predominant species of Leishmania and the most frequent forms of histopathological presentation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, which until the present study had not been performed, enables new approaches to the study of Leishmania subpopulations in areas with a predominance of one species and provides evidence of variations in the biological behavior of different species.
	PMID: 22714750 [PubMed - in process]

3.	J Complement Integr Med. 2012 Jun 18;9(1). pii: /j/jcim.2012.9.issue-1/1553-3840.1617/1553-3840.1617.xml. doi: 10.1515/1553-3840.1617. Infectivity of Macrophages and the Histopathology of Cutaneous Lesions, Liver and Spleen is Attenuated by Leaf Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina in Leishmania Major Infected BALB/c Mice. Alawa JN, Carter KC, Nok AJ, Kwanashie HO, Adebisi SS, Alawa CB, Clements CJ. Source Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University. Abstract Preliminary investigation of the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of different extracts from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (VA), a plant widely used in Nigeria was evaluated in Balb/C mice infected with a laboratory strain of Leishmania major (L. major). The ability of the methanol, hexane and aqueous extracts of the plant to suppress the infection rate and its cytotoxicity on macrophages and L929 cells were determined in the in vitro study. The in vivo study evaluated time course of infection, lesion progression and the histopathology of cutaneous lesions, liver and spleen after inoculation with metacyclic promastigotes. Methanolic extract of VA containing high levels of flavanoids, was the most potent extract as it showed the highest suppression on infectivity and viability of intracellular amastigotes at a concentration lower than that which elicited cytotoxicity on macrophages. Treatment of infected mice with methanolic extract of VA showed delayed onset of disease with a significant reduction in lesion size and attenuation of the histopathological outcome characterised by intact epidermis and less tissue destruction in skin, spleen and liver. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that VA has potent antileishmanial properties which warrants further investigation into the immunological mechanism.
	PMID: 22713278 [PubMed - in process]

4.	Vox Sang. 2012 Jun 19. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01622.x. [Epub ahead of print] Pathogen inactivation technology applied to a blood component collected from an asymptomatic carrier of Leishmania infantum: a case report. Jimenez-Marco T, Fisa R, Riera C, Girona-Llobera E, Sedeño M, Saura A, Iniesta L, Guillen C, Muncunill J. Source Fundació Banc de Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears, Balearic Islands, Mallorca, Spain Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Abstract Asymptomatic Leishmania infections have been the main cause of transfusion transmission in endemic areas. Polymerase chain reaction has been used to detect L. infantum DNA in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic Leishmania carriers. In our region, the prevalence of asymptomatic L. infantum infection in donors is markedly high (5·9% of donors studied). We investigated the ability of pathogen inactivation technology, using amotosalen and UVA illumination, to eliminate L. infantum in a blood component collected from an asymptomatic L. infantum infected donor. This is the first report of the INTERCEPT system being used to eliminate a parasite from a component collected from a donor. © 2012 The Author(s). Vox Sanguinis © 2012 International Society of Blood Transfusion.
	PMID: 22712807 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

5.	Chem Biol Drug Des. 2012 Jun 19. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01432.x. [Epub ahead of print] Replacement of the methylene of dihydrochalcones with oxygen: Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-phenoxyacetophenones. Ansari M, Emami S, Khalilzadeh MA, Maghsoodlou MT, Foroumadi A, Faramarzi MA, Samadi N, Ardestani SK. Source Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran. Abstract With the aim of finding new bioactive compounds, a series of phenoxyacetophenone derivatives 2 were designed and synthesized as oxygen analogs of dihydrochalcones. Also, phenoxyacetophenones were converted to (Z)-oxime derivatives 3 and their geometry were characterized by (1) H-NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro antifungal activity of compounds 2 and 3 were evaluated against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger using micro-dilution method. In general, oxime derivative 3d containing 4-fluorophenoxy moiety showed comparable or more potent antifungal activity (MICs = 15.63-31.25 μg/mL) with respect to the reference drug fluconazole against all tested yeasts. In addition, the antileishmanial activity of title compounds was determined against pormastigote form of Leishmania major. All compounds showed mild growth inhibitory activity against promastigotes. The most active compound was unsubstituted phenoxyacetophenone 2a (IC(50) = 80 μg/mL). To anticipate the potential use as drugs, the target compounds were evaluated in their drug-like properties. The in silico values of molecular descriptors for bioactive compounds 2a and 3d revealed that these compounds are within the range set by Lipinski's 'Rule of 5' and show no violation of these rules. Moreover, bioactive compounds 2a and 3d are supposed to be non-mutagenic, non-tumorigenic, with no irritating or reproductive effects. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
	PMID: 22712717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

6.	J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:902803. Epub 2012 Jan 12. Proteomic analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes subjected to heat shock. Pérez-Morales D, Lanz-Mendoza H, Hurtado G, Martínez-Espinosa R, Espinoza B. Source Laboratorio de Estudios Sobre Tripanosomiasis, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228, 04510 México, DF, Mexico. Abstract Trypanosoma cruzi is exposed to sudden temperature changes during its life cycle. Adaptation to these variations is crucial for parasite survival, reproduction, and transmission. Some of these conditions may change the pattern of genetic expression of proteins involved in homeostasis in the course of stress treatment. In the present study, the proteome of T. cruzi epimastigotes subjected to heat shock and epimastigotes grow normally was compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry for protein identification. Twenty-four spots differing in abundance were identified. Of the twenty-four changed spots, nineteen showed a greater intensity and five a lower intensity relative to the control. Several functional categories of the identified proteins were determined: metabolism, cell defense, hypothetical proteins, protein fate, protein synthesis, cellular transport, and cell cycle. Proteins involved in the interaction with the cellular environment were also identified, and the implications of these changes are discussed. PMCID: PMC3263753 Free PMC Article
	PMID: 22287837 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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7.	J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:520380. Epub 2012 Jan 11. Flagellar motility of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Ballesteros-Rodea G, Santillán M, Martínez-Calvillo S, Manning-Cela R. Source Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 07000 México, DF, Mexico. Abstract The hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis. Despite the importance of motility in the parasite life cycle, little is known about T. cruzi motility, and there is no quantitative description of its flagellar beating. Using video microscopy and quantitative vectorial analysis of epimastigote trajectories, we find a forward parasite motility defined by tip-to-base symmetrical flagellar beats. This motion is occasionally interrupted by base-to-tip highly asymmetric beats, which represent the ciliary beat of trypanosomatid flagella. The switch between flagellar and ciliary beating facilitates the parasite's reorientation, which produces a large variability of movement and trajectories that results in different distance ranges traveled by the cells. An analysis of the distance, speed, and rotational angle indicates that epimastigote movement is not completely random, and the phenomenon is highly dependent on the parasite behavior and is characterized by directed and tumbling parasite motion as well as their combination, resulting in the alternation of rectilinear and intricate motility paths. PMCID: PMC3263639 Free PMC Article
	PMID: 22287834 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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