Friday, August 21, 2009

What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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PubMed Results
Items 1 -6 of 6

1: Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Design and synthesis of novel substituted quinazoline derivatives as antileishmanial agents.

Agarwal KC, Sharma V, Shakya N, Gupta S.

Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.

4-(Substituted-benzylidine)-2-substituted-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline (5a-p) and 4-(substituted-benzylidine)-2-substituted-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazoline (6a-p) have been synthesized from 2-(substituted-benzylidine)tetralone-1(3a-d) and several substituted guanidine sulfates(4a-d).These compounds were tested for their in vitro antileishmanial activity. The compounds 6i, 6f, 6g show promising antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani.

PMID: 19692240 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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2: Parasitology. 2009 Aug 20:1-20. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

The molecular epidemiology and phylogeography of Trypanosoma cruzi and parallel research on Leishmania: looking back and to the future.

Miles MA, Llewellyn MS, Lewis MD, Yeo M, Baleela R, Fitzpatrick S, Gaunt MW, Mauricio IL.

Pathogen Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.

SUMMARYTrypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan agent of Chagas disease, and the most important parasitic disease in Latin America. Protozoa of the genus Leishmania are global agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, fatal and disfiguring diseases. In the 1970s multilocus enzyme electrophoresis demonstrated that T. cruzi is a heterogeneous complex. Six zymodemes were described, corresponding with currently recognized lineages, TcI and TcIIa-e - now defined by multiple genetic markers. Molecular epidemiology has substantially resolved the phylogeography and ecological niches of the T. cruzi lineages. Genetic hybridization has fundamentally influenced T. cruzi evolution and epidemiology of Chagas disease. Genetic exchange of T. cruzi in vitro involves fusion of diploids and genome erosion, producing aneuploid hybrids. Transgenic fluorescent clones are new tools to elucidate molecular genetics and phenotypic variation. We speculate that pericardial sequestration plays a role in pathogenesis. Multilocus sequence typing, microsatellites and, ultimately, comparative genomics are improving understanding of T. cruzi population genetics. Similarly, in Leishmania, genetic groups have been defined, including epidemiologically important hybrids; genetic exchange can occur in the sand fly vector. We describe the profound impact of this parallel research on genetic diversity of T. cruzi and Leishmania, in the context of epidemiology, taxonomy and disease control.

PMID: 19691868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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3: Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Aug 19. [Epub ahead of print]Click here to read

Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections Due to Blood and Tissue Parasites.

Rosenblatt JE.

Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Microscopy remains the cornerstone of the laboratory diagnosis of infections due to blood and tissue parasites. Examination of thick and thin peripheral blood smears stained with Giemsa or other appropriate stains is used for detection and identification of species of Plasmodium, Babesia, Trypanosoma, Brugia, Mansonella, and Wuchereria. Even in the hands of well-trained technologists, diagnosis may be hampered by the sparseness of organisms on the slide and by the subjective nature of differentiating similar-appearing organisms. Microscopy and/or culture of ulcer, bone marrow, tissue aspirate, and biopsy samples are useful for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, trichinosis, and leishmaniasis. Serologic assays are available for the diagnosis of a number of these infections, but none of these assays are sensitive or specific enough to be used on their own to establish a diagnosis. In particular, the use of assays for the diagnosis of infection with a particular helminth will often cross-react with antibodies to a different helminth. Very sensitive polymerase chain reaction assays have been developed for a number of these parasites and are available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and from several referral laboratories.

PMID: 19691431 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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4: Med Trop (Mars). 2008 Dec;68(6):586.LinkOut

[Sleeping sickness: time to revise history?]

[Article in French]

Louis FJ.

PSR-THA/OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroun. louis_oceac@yahoo.fr

PMID: 19639822 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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5: Acta Trop. 2009 Aug;111(2):114-8. Epub 2009 Mar 24.Click here to read LinkOut

Feeding behavior of triatomines from the southwestern United States: an update on potential risk for transmission of Chagas disease.

Klotz SA, Dorn PL, Klotz JH, Pinnas JL, Weirauch C, Kurtz JR, Schmidt J.

Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Arizona School of Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States. sklotz@u.arizona.edu

Chagas disease is an emerging infectious disease in North America due to the immigration of individuals from endemic areas. The parasite has been transmitted to patients in non-endemic areas by blood transfusion and organ donation. Only six autochthonous cases have been described in humans in the United States yet the parasite is widespread among native mammals and resident triatomines are competent vectors. We attempted to determine if common southwestern triatomines, Triatoma protracta and Triatoma rubida have the potential to amplify the disease among human residents of the Southwest. The defecation patterns of the bugs were studied while feeding upon immobilized mice. Wild-caught adult male and female triatomines were observed feeding one to three times for a total of 71 observed feedings. T. rubida (15 bugs) appeared to be more aggressive, beginning feeding shortly after being placed in proximity to the host (within 2.3 min) whereas Triatoma protracta (12 bugs) was more deliberate, beginning feeding, on average, at 4 min. There were 40 observations of T. rubida, which fed for 27.9+/-13.6 min, whereas T. protracta fed for 22.8+/-7.5 min (n=31). Bugs were weighed pre- and post-feeding and T. rubida females ingested>T. protracta females>T. rubida males>T. protracta males. Weight gain did not correspond to the feeding duration. Defecation occurred on 42% of the feedings (30 of 71), and no bugs defecated on the host. The majority of the defecations occurred within 1 min of feeding, usually at the time of repletion. A large proportion of defecations occurred after the bugs left the vicinity of the host. All bugs and at least one fecal smear from each feeding bug were tested for Trypanosoma cruzi and 21% of T. protracta were positive by PCR (4 bugs and 1 feces). No T. rubida tested positive for T. cruzi. The bugs' defecation pattern is similar to that reported >50 years ago. Furthermore, there is no indication that they are becoming more domesticated in the desert Southwest. Thus, based on our observations, we do not believe that T. protracta and T. rubida pose an imminent risk for transmission of Chagas disease to residents of the southwestern United States.

PMID: 19524078 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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6: Chemotherapy. 2009;55(4):228-33. Epub 2009 May 19.Click here to read LinkOut

Amiodarone and itraconazole: a rational therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic Chagas' disease.

Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Pérez-Alvarez AM, Lanza G, Márquez E, Concepción JL.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St Luke's-Roosevelt-Beth Israel Medical Center, University Hospital of Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. ap2647@columbia.edu

In the Americas, approximately 20 million people suffer from the chronic phases of Chagas' disease, of which chagasic cardiomyopathy is the most important clinical feature. The elimination of Trypanosoma cruzi is a pivotal step in arresting the evolution of the disease. Unfortunately, currently available chemotherapy is mostly ineffective due to its limited efficacy and toxic side effects. The following case highlights the efficacy of new diagnostic and follow-up methods in the evaluation of novel trypanocidal compounds such as amiodarone and itraconazole. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

PMID: 19451712 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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