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Sent on Thursday, 2009 Nov 05Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | AIDS Behav. 2009 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print]Syringe-Mediated Syndemics.Bulled N, Singer M.Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-2176, USA, Nicola.Bulled@uconn.edu. One consequence of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic has been the emergence of a broad awareness of the potential role of syringes in the transmission of infectious diseases. In addition to HIV/AIDS, the use of unsterile syringes by multiple persons has been linked to the spread of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Leishmaniasis, malaria and various other infections. The purpose of this paper is to extend awareness of the grave risks of multiperson syringe use by examining the role of this behavior in the development of infectious disease syndemics. The term syndemics refers to the clustering, often due to noxious social conditions, of two or more diseases in a population resulting in adverse disease synergies that impact human life and well-being. The contemporary appearance and spread of identified syringe-mediated syndemics, and the potential for the emergence of future syringe-mediated syndemics, both of which are reviewed in this paper, underline the importance of public health measures designed to limit syringe-related disease transmission. |
| PMID: 19885727 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:719361. Epub 2009 Oct 25.The prominent role o f neutrophils during the initial phase of infection by Leishmania parasites.Charmoy M, Auderset F, Allenbach C, Tacchini-Cottier F.WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. Neutrophils are rapidly and massively recruited to the site of Leishmania inoculation, where they phagocytose the parasites, some of which are able to survive within these first host cells. Neutrophils can thus provide a transient safe shelter for the parasites, prior to their entry into macrophages where they will replicate. In addition, neutrophils release and synthesize rapidly several factors including cytokines and chemokines. The mechanism involved in their rapid recruitment to the site of parasite inoculation, as well as the putative consequences of their massive presence on the microenvironment of the focus of infection will be discussed in the context of the development of the Leishmania-specific immune response. |
| PMID: 19884987 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 3. | Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009 Nov;163(11):1061-2.Picture of the month. Cutaneous leishmaniasis.Huber C, Cozzio A, Berger C, Weibel L.Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. |
| PMID: 19884598 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 4. | Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print]Reply to comment on: Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: clinical aspects and therapeutic concerns.Padovese V, Terranova M, Toma L, Barnabas GA, Morrone A.International Institute for Social, Medical and Anthropological Sciences (IISMAS), Rome, Italy. |
| PMID: 19883930 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 5. | Acta Trop. 2009 Oct 30. [Epub ahead of print]The effects of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on different stages of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae).Amóra SS, Bevilaqua CM, Feijó FM, Pereira RH, Alves ND, Freire FA, Kamimura MT, Oliveira DM, Lima EA, Rocha MF.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60740-000, Brazil. The control of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) vector is often based on the application of chemical residual insecticide. However, this strategy has not been effective. The continuing search for an appropriate vector control may include the use of biological control. This study evaluates the effects of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on Lu. longipalpis. Five concentrations of the fungus were utilized, 1x10(4) to 1x10(8) conidia/ml, accompanied by controls. The unhatched eggs, larvae and dead adults previously exposed to fungi were sown to reisolate the fungi and analysis of parameters of growth. The fungus was subsequently identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. Metharizium anisopliae var. acridum reduced egg hatching by 40%. The mortality of infected larvae was significant. The longevity of infected adults was lower than that of negative controls. The effects of fungal infection on the hatching of eggs laid by infected females were also significant. With respect to fungal growth parameters post-infection, only vegetative growth was not significantly higher than that of the fungi before infection. The revalidation of the identification of the reisolated fungus was confirmed post-passage only from adult insects. In terms of larvae mortality and the fecundity of infected females, the results were significant, proving that the main vector species of VL is susceptible to infection by this entomopathogenic fungus in the adult stage. |
| PMID: 19883621 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 6. | Parasit Vectors. 2009 Nov 2;2(1):51. [Epub ahead of print]Identifica tion of the sex pheromone of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Asuncion, Paraguay.Brazil RP, Caballero NN, Hamilton JG.ABSTRACT: The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania (L.) infantum (Nicolle), the causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in the New World. Male Lu. longipalpis have secretory glands which produce sex pheromones in either abdominal tergites 4 or 3 and 4.These glands are sites of sex pheromone production and each pheromone type may represent true sibling species. In Latin America, apart from Lu.pseudolongipalpis Arrivillaga and Feliciangeli from Venezuela, populations of Lu. longipalpis s.l. can be identified by their male-produced sex pheromones: (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B, 3-methyl-alpha-himachalene and the two cembrenes, 1 and 2. In this study, we present the results of a coupled gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis of the pheromones of males Lu. longipalpis captured in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Asuncion, Paraguay. Our results show that Lu. longipalpis from this site produce (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B which has also been found in Lu. longipalpis from different areas of Brazil, Colombia and Central America. |
| PMID: 19883505 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 7. | Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009 Jul 24. [Epub ahead of print]Proliferative vitreoretinopathy in a child with visceral leishmaniasis.Salvanos P, Kabanarou SA, Xirou T, Kourentis C, Feretis E.Ophthalmic Department, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo - Norway. Purpose. We present a rare case of ocular leishmaniasis complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy in a child with active visceral leishmaniasis. Methods. A 10-year-old boy with active visceral leishmaniasis presented with a 5- day history of redness, photophobia, and blurred vision in his left eye. Visual acuity was measured and the child had a complete ocular examination. Results. Snellen best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 10/10 in the right eye and 7/10 in the left eye at presentation. Ophthalmic examination of the right eye was normal but the left eye showed clinical signs of panuveitis. Laboratory investigations were negative. Treatment with systemic and local steroids was initiated and clinical improvement achieved. Eight months later, the patient had a relapse of systemic and ocular disease with severe panuveitis in both eyes. A combined tractional-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was present in the left eye. Pars plana vitrectomy was undertaken in the left eye and the patient was started on systemic and local steroid treatment. Retinal reattachment was achieved postoperatively but visual acuity in the left eye remained poor. Conclusions. Early diagnosis, prompt systemic and ocular treatment, as well as close ophthalmic examination are essential in such cases. |
| PMID: 19882533 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 8. | Saudi Med J. 2009 Nov;30(11):1480-2.Coping with visceral leishmaniasis in Turkey.Cakan HS, Iscan MY, Oz V, Aslan M, Karayel TM, Cakir I, Uner HB.Institute of Forensic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. hcakan@istanbul.edu.tr |
| PMID: 19882066 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 9. | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 30. [Epub ahead of print]Propulsion of African trypanosomes is driven by bihelical waves with alternating chirality separated by kinks.Rodríguez JA, Lopez MA, Thayer MC, Zhao Y, Oberholzer M, Chang DD, Kisalu NK, Penichet ML, Helguera G, Bruinsma R, Hill KL, Miao J.Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, and Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The David Geffen School of Medicine, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Trypanosoma brucei, a parasitic protist with a single flagellum, is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. Propulsion of T. brucei was long believed to be by a drill-like, helical motion. Using millisecond differential interference-contrast microscopy and analyzing image sequences of cultured procyclic-form and bloodstream-form parasites, as well as bloodstream-form cells in infected mouse blood, we find that, instead, motility of T. brucei is by the propagation of kinks, separating left-handed and right-handed helical waves. Kink-driven motility, previously encountered in prokaryotes, permits T. brucei a helical propagation mechanism while avoiding the large viscous drag associated with a net rotation of the broad end of its tapering body. Our study demonstrates that millisecond differential interference-contrast microscopy can be a useful tool for uncovering important short-time features of microorganism locomotion. |
| PMID: 19880745 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 10. | J Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 30. [Epub ahead of print]RNA interference in Trypanosoma brucei: the role of the amino-terminal RGG domain and the polyribosome association of Argonaute1.Shi H, Chamond N, Djikeng A, Tschudi C, Ullu E.Yale University, United States. Argonaute proteins (AGO) are central to RNA interference (RNAi) and related silencing pathways. At the core of the RNAi pathway in the ancient parasitic eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei is a single Argonaute protein, TbAGO1, with an established role in the destruction of potentially harmful retroposon transcripts. One notable feature of TbAGO1 is that a fraction sediments with polyribosomes and this association is facilitated by an arginine/glycine-rich domain (RGG domain) at the N-terminus of the protein. Here we report that reducing the size of the RGG domain and in particular mutating all arginine residues, severely reduced the association of TbAGO1 with polyribosomes and RNAi-induced cleavage of mRNA. However, these mutations did not change the cellular localization of Argonaute and did not affect the accumulation of single-stranded siRNAs, an essential step in the activation of the RNA-induced silencing complex. We further show that mRNA on polyribosomes can be targeted for degradation, although this alliance is not a pre-requisite. Finally, sequestering tubulin mRNAs from translation with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides reduced the RNAi response indicating that mRNAs not engaged in translation may be less accessible to the RNAi machinery. We conclude that the association of the RNAi machinery and target mRNA on polyribosomes promotes an efficient RNAi response. This mechanism may represent an ancient adaptation to insure that retroposon transcripts are efficiently destroyed, if they become associated with the translational apparatus. |
| PMID: 19880512 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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