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Sent on Saturday, 2009 Nov 07Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2009 Sep-Oct;51(5):277-82.American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Pontal of Paranapanema - SP, Brazil: ecological and entomological aspects.Alessi CA, Galati EA, Alves JR, Corbett CE.Oeste Paulista University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) occurs in epidemic outbreaks and in sporadic cases with small annual variation in the Pontal of Paranapanema, SP. There is little research on the sandfly fauna of this region. The last outbreaks were related to the Movement of the Landless Workers (MST) and with the ecological tourism in preserved forest of the Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo (PEMD). AIM: identification of the sandfly fauna within the PEMD, mainly anthropophilic species already incriminated as vectors of ACL, as well as their seasonality, hourly frequency and data of the behavior. M&M: The captures were undertaken with CDC light and Shannon traps from 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm, monthly from May 2000 to December 2001. The temperature and relative humidity data were registered at hourly intervals. RESULTS: The captured species were: Brumptomyia brumpti, Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri and Pintomyia pessoai. The P. pessoai predominated (34.39%) and N. neivai was less found (0.74%), only being captured in CDC traps. Shannon trap captured more sandflies (63.01%) than the CDC traps (36.99%). Despite the environmental degradation anthropophilic species, indicates favorable bioecological conditions for persistence of vectors and potential transmission of leishmaniasis. |
| PMID: 19893981 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 2. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2009 Sep-Oct;51(5):247-53.Neglected tropical diseases in Brazil.Lindoso JA, Lindoso AA.SES, Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. jlindoso@usp.br Poverty is intrinsically related to the incidence of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The main countries that have the lowest human development indices (HDI) and the highest burdens of NTDs are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among these countries is Brazil, which is ranked 70th in HDI. Nine out of the ten NTDs established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are present in Brazil. Leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, dengue fever and leprosy are present over almost the entire Brazilian territory. More than 90% of malaria cases occur in the Northern region of the country, and lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis occur in outbreaks in a particular region. The North and Northeast regions of Brazil have the lowest HDIs and the highest rates of NTDs. These diseases are considered neglected because there is not important investment in projects for the development of new drugs and vaccines and existing programs to control these diseases are not sufficient. Another problem related to NTDs is co-infection with HIV, which favors the occurrence of severe clinical manifestations and therapeutic failure. In this article, we describe the status of the main NTDs currently occurring in Brazil and relate them to the HDI and poverty. |
| PMID: 19893976 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 3. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2009 Sep-Oct;51(5):241-6.Immunoactivation and immunopathogeny during active visceral leishmaniasis.Goto H, Prianti MG.Laboratory of Seroepidemiology and Immunobiology, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil. hgoto@usp.br Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania donovani complex. During active disease in humans, high levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha detected in blood serum, and high expression of IFN-gamma mRNA in samples of the lymphoid organs suggest that the immune system is highly activated. However, studies using peripheral blood mononuclear cells have found immunosuppression specific to Leishmania antigens; this poor immune response probably results from Leishmania antigen-engaged lymphocytes being trapped in the lymphoid organs. To allow the parasites to multiply, deactivating cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta may be acting on macrophages as well as anti-Leishmania antibodies that opsonize amastigotes and induce IL-10 production in macrophages. These high activation and deactivation processes are likely to occur mainly in the spleen and liver and can be confirmed through the examination of organ samples. However, an analysis of sequential data from studies of visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters suggests that factors outside of the immune system are responsible for the early inactivation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which occurs before the expression of deactivating cytokines. In active visceral leishmaniasis, the immune system actively participates in non-lymphoid organ lesioning. While current views only consider immunocomplex deposition, macrophages, T cells, cytokines, and immunoglobulins by diverse mechanism also play important roles in the pathogenesis. |
| PMID: 19893975 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 4. | Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Nov;15(11):1866-7.East African trypanosomiasis in a pregnant traveler.Nadjm B, Van Tulleken C, Macdonald D, Chiodini PL. |
| PMID: 19891893 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 5. | Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Nov;15(11):1864-5.Leishmania killicki imported from Tunisian desert.Maubon D, Guillou CT, Ravel C, Leccia MT, Pelloux H. |
| PMID: 19891892 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 6. | Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Nov;15(11):1773-82.Illness in long-term travelers visiting GeoSentinel clinics.Chen LH, Wilson ME, Davis X, Loutan L, Schwartz E, Keystone J, Hale D, Lim PL, McCarthy A, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Schlagenhauf P; GeoSentinel Surveillance Network.von Sonnenburg F, Gelman SS, Chappuis F, Kain KC, Field V, Burchard GD, Libman MD, Maclean JD, Leder K, Torresi J, Brown G, Parola P, Simon F, Delmont J, Kass R, Carosi G, Castelli F, Pandey P, Shaw M, Kozarsky PE, Franco-Paredes C, Piyaphanee W, Silachamroon U, Tachikawa N, Sagara H, Connor BA, Kanagawa S, Kato Y, Jensenius M, Haulman NJ, Roesel D, Jong EC, Coyle CM, Wittner M, López-Vélez R, Pérez-Molina JA, Nutman TB, Klion AD, Hagmann S, Miller A, Weber R, Steffen R, Stauffer WM, Walker PF, Freedman DO, Ansdell V, Wilder-Smith A, Sack B, McKenzie R, Caumes E, Pérignon A, Licitra C, Crespo A, Barnett ED, Gurtman A, Perret C, Valdivieso F, Muller R, Cahill JD, McKinley G, McLellan S, MacDonald S, Lynch MW, Borwein S, Anglim A. Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. lchen@hms.harvard.edu Length of travel appears to be associated with health risks. GeoSentinel Surveillance Network data for 4,039 long-term travelers (trip duration >6 months) seen after travel during June 1, 1996, through December 31, 2008, were compared with data for 24,807 short-term travelers (trip duration <1 month). Long-term travelers traveled more often than short-term travelers for volunteer activities (39.7% vs. 7.0%) and business (25.2% vs. 13.8%). More long-term travelers were men (57.2% vs. 50.1%) and expatriates (54.0% vs. 8.9%); most had pretravel medical advice (70.3% vs. 48.9%). Per 1,000 travelers, long-term travelers more often experienced chronic diarrhea, giardiasis, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria, irritable bowel syndrome (postinfectious), fatigue >1 month, eosinophilia, cutaneous leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and Entamoeba histolytica diarrhea. Areas of concern for long-term travelers were vector-borne diseases, contact-transmitted diseases, and psychological problems. Our results can help prioritize screening for and diagnosis of illness in long-term travelers and provide evidence-based pretravel advice. |
| PMID: 19891865 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 7. | Parasite Immunol. 2009 Dec;31(12):766-70.Specificity of anti-saliva immune response in mice repeatedly bitten by Phlebotomus sergenti.Drahota J, Lipoldová M, Volf P, Rohousová I.Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Sand flies are bloodsucking insects transmitting parasites of genus Leishmania, the causative agents of diseases in humans and dogs. Experimental hosts repeatedly exposed to sand fly saliva can control Leishmania infection. Cell-mediated anti-saliva immune response is most likely responsible for this protective effect; however, there is no study so far concerning its antigenic specificity towards different sand fly vectors. In this study, splenocytes from BALB/c mice repeatedly exposed to the bites of Phlebotomus sergenti were challenged ex vivo with salivary gland homogenates from three different sand fly vectors -P. sergenti, P. papatasi, or P. arabicus. Mice bitten by P. sergenti had higher proliferative response to homologous antigen than splenocytes from naive mice. Splenocytes from P. sergenti bitten mice as well as anti-P. sergenti antibodies partially cross-reacted with P. papatasi saliva. In contrast, no cross-reactivity was found with P. arabicus saliva. Our data indicate that both arms of the immune system, cellular and humoral, react in a species-specific manner. Therefore, the presence of antibodies against salivary components of a certain species indicates the specificity of cell-mediated immune response as well. The data suggest that unique transmission-blocking vaccine would be required for each vector -Leishmania combination. |
| PMID: 19891614 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 8. | Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(24):3174-202.Cruzipain, the major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi: a sulfated glycoprotein antigen as relevant candidate for vaccine development and drug target. A review.Duschak VG, Couto AS.Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr Mario Fatala Chaben, ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires (1063), Argentina. vduschak@yahoo.es This review aims to present different aspects related to cruzipain, one of the most important proteins of the etiological agent of Chagas disease that has been extensively studied in the last two decades, including all the particularities of the molecule as well as to highlight its participation in multiple relevant functions of the parasite to favour the cell invasion phenomena, to facilitate host tissues proteolytic degradation and to trigger the evasion mechanism from host immune response. Cruzipain has been related with parasite metabolism and identified as both an important candidate for vaccine development and for trypanocidal drug design. We have reported for the first time that this enzyme is a sulfated glycoprotein. Indeed, the sulfated oligosaccharides are main targets for immune responses and are involved in tissue damage in mice immunized in absence of infection contributing to get deeper into the knowledge of the molecule composition and helping to elucidate its role in the infection and/or pathogenesis of the disease. A whole view including all the aspects related to the major cysteine proteinase of Trypanosoma cruzi studied so far including recent advances as proteinase, antigen and glycoprotein will be discussed. |
| PMID: 19689291 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | Vet Clin Pathol. 2009 Sep;38(3):381-7. Epub 2009 Mar 30.Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology from captive badgers.McCarthy G, Shiel R, O'Rourke L, Murphy D, Corner L, Costello E, Gormley E.School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. grainne.mccarthy@ucd.ie BACKGROUND: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is evaluated for the diagnosis and study of lung disease and airway inflammation. Cytologic profiles for BAL fluid have not been reported for badgers and may be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases such as Mycobacterium bovis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate cytologic and microbial findings in BAL fluid from captive European badgers (Meles meles) and identify correlates with the results of concurrently collected blood and fecal samples. METHODS: BAL fluid (by a nonbronchoscopic method) and jugular venous blood samples (for routine CBC) were obtained from 23 captive tuberculosis-free anesthetized badgers on 2 occasions 4 weeks apart. Fecal samples were collected for routine parasitology. Morphologic evaluation and 100-cell differentials were done on cytocentrifuged BAL specimens. Pellets from centrifuged BAL were aerobically cultured for bacteria. RESULTS: With the 2 BAL samples from each of the 23 badgers combined, the median (range) cell percentages were 73.0% (5-95%) neutrophils, 7.5% (2-16%) macrophages, 8.0% (0-27%) lymphocytes, and 9.5% (0-92%) eosinophils. Macrophages frequently contained silica-like crystals. Other findings included ciliated epithelial cells, goblet cells, mucus, and Aelurostrongylus sp. larvae. A light growth of Streptococcus, Pasteurella, or Escherichia coli was cultured in 6 badgers. Trypanosoma pestanai were identified in blood from 10 badgers and fecal parasites (mainly coccidia) were found in 20 badgers. No correlation was found between BAL and CBC results and the presence of parasites. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of neutrophils in BAL fluid from badgers differs from the predominance of macrophages found in BAL from other species. This difference may reflect the burrowing lifestyle or the unique immune response of badgers. |
| PMID: 19351340 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Planta Med. 2009 May;75(6):620-3. Epub 2009 Feb 24.In vitro trypanocidal activity of phenolic derivatives from Peperomia obtusifolia.da Silva Mota J, Leite AC, Batista Junior JM, Noelí López S, Luz Ambrósio D, Duó Passerini G, Kato MJ, da Silva Bolzani V, Barretto Cicarelli RM, Furlan M.Institute of Chemistry, Mato Grossodo Sul State University, Dourados, MS, Brazil. The trypanocidal activity of crude extracts and fractions from the leaves and stems of Peperomia obtusifolia (Piperaceae) was evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the most active extracts afforded seven known compounds, including three chromanes, two furofuran lignans and two flavone C-diglycosides. The most active compounds were the chromanes peperobtusin A and 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2''-methyl-2''-butenyl)-2-(4'-methyl-1',3'-pentadienyl)-2 H-1-benzopyran-6-carboxylic acid, with IC (50) values of 3.1 microM (almost three times more active than the positive control benznidazole, IC (50) 10.4 microM) and 27.0 microM, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays using peritoneal murine macrophages indicated that the chromanes were not toxic at the level of the IC (50) for trypanocidal activity. This is the first report on the trypanocidal activity besides unspecific cytotoxicity of chromanes from Peperomia species. Additionally it represents the first time isolation of 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2''-methyl-2''-butenyl)-2-(4'-methyl-1',3'-pentadienyl)-2 H-1-benzopyran-6-carboxylic acid from P. obtusifolia. Copyright Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart. New York. |
| PMID: 19241331 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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