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Sent on Wednesday, 2010 Jan 13Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | J Trop Pediatr. 2010 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]Amphotericin B Therapy in Children with Visceral Leishmaniasis: Daily vs. Alternate Day, a Randomized Trial.Singh UK, Prasad R, Jaiswal BP, Singh PK, Thakur CP.Department of Pediatrics and Child Care Center, Nalanda Medical College, Patna 800016, Bihar, India. A randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of daily vs. alternate day regimens of amphotericin B in children with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Six hundred and five children of VL below 14 years of age were randomized into two groups; Group A (302), who received amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 15 days and Group B (303); same doses but on alternate days. All patients in both groups were cured, who had completed course of amphotericin B therapy. None had relapsed at 1 and 6 months of follow-up. Adverse reactions in both groups were non-significant. The duration of stay and cost of therapy was significantly lower in Group A children who left the hospital against medical advice, which was also significantly more in Group B. Thus, daily regimen of amphotericin B is equally effective, well tolerated, not more toxic and cost-effective than alternate day regimen, which is currently practiced. |
| PMID: 20065047 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print]A Mitochondrial DNA Primase is Essential for Cell Growth and Kinetoplast DNA Replication in Trypanosoma brucei.Hines JC, Ray DS.Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570. Kinetoplast DNA in African trypanosomes contains a novel form of mitochondrial DNA consisting of thousands of minicircles and dozens of maxicircles topologically interlocked to form a two-dimensional sheet. Replication of this unusual form of mitochondrial DNA has been studied for more than thirty years and although a large number of kinetoplast replication genes and proteins have been identified, in vitro replication of these DNAs has not been possible since a kinetoplast DNA primase has not been available. We describe here a Trypanosoma brucei DNA primase gene PRI1 that encodes a 70 kDa protein that localizes to the kinetoplast and is essential for both cell growth and kinetoplast DNA replication. Expression of PRI1 mRNA is cyclic and reaches maximum levels at a time corresponding to duplication of the kinetoplast DNA. A 3'-hydroxyl-terminated oligo-riboadenylate is synthesized on a poly dT template by a recombinant form of the PRI1 protein and is subsequently elongated by DNA polymerase and added dATP. Poly dA synthesis is dependent on both PRI1 protein and ATP and is inhibited by RNaseH treatment of the product of PRI1 synthesis. |
| PMID: 20065037 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jan;82(1):9-11.Estimation of under-reporting of visceral leishmaniasis cases in bihar, India.Singh VP, Ranjan A, Topno RK, Verma RB, Siddique NA, Ravidas VN, Kumar N, Pandey K, Das P.Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Indian Council of Medical Research, Patna, Bihar, India. drvpsingh20@yahoo.com We estimated the level of under-reporting of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases by comparing the actual reported cases with those expected as estimated using age- and sex-stratified incidence proportions obtained in a cohort of 31,324 persons. The average incidence proportion of VL cases in study population was 5.7/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.88-6.54) and 1.09/1,000 persons (95% CI = 0.99-1.20) based on the reported cases in two primary health centers. The overall magnitude of VL cases not reported to the government agencies was higher by a factor 4.17 (95% CI = 3.75-4.63) than for reported cases. The levels of under-reporting were 4.74 (95% CI = 4.11-5.47) in males and 3.51 (95% CI = 2.99-4.11) in females with no significant difference (P > 0.05). It was significantly higher in persons >or= 30 years of age than in persons 30 years of age (P < 0.05). |
| PMID: 20064987 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 4. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jan;82(1):4-8.Autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient: the first in thailand and review of the literature.Suankratay C, Suwanpimolkul G, Wilde H, Siriyasatien P.Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. chusana.s@chula.ac.th We report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected 37-year-old Thai fisherman who presented with nephritonephrotic syndrome, fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed many amastigotes within macrophages. Kidney biopsy showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene in blood and kidney biopsy specimens showed Leishmania species previously described in a Thai patient with visceral leishmaniasis. Only four autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis have been reported in Thailand since 1996. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected Thai. With an increasing number of patients with autochthonous leishmaniasis in association with the presence of potential vector, it remains to be determined whether this vector-borne disease will become an emerging infectious disease in Thailand. |
| PMID: 20064986 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 5. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jan;82(1):1-3.Resolution of cutaneous old world and new world leishmaniasis after oral miltefosine treatment.Tappe D, Müller A, Stich A.Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. dtappe@hygiene.uni-wuerzburg.de |
| PMID: 20064985 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 6. | Parasitol Int. 2010 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]Evaluation of antileishmanial activity of eupomatenoid-5, a compound isolated from leaves of Piper regnellii var. pallescens.Vendrametto MC, Dos Santos AO, Nakamura CV, Filho BP, Cortez DA, Ueda-Nakamura T.Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil. Infection with Leishmania spp. causes a disease with multifaceted clinical manifestations in humans. The treatment for leishmaniasis is dependent on a limited range of drugs. Here we investigated the antileishmanial activity of eupomatenoid-5, a neolignan isolated from leaves of Piper regnellii var. pallescens. We showed that eupomatenoid-5 had a dose-dependent activity during 72h of treatment, exhibiting IC(50) of 9.0microg/mL and 13.0microg/mL for promastigote and axenic amastigote forms, respectively, and IC(50) of 5.0microg/mL for intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. When L. amazonensis was treated with eupomatenoid-5, it underwent considerable ultrastructural alterations, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. Among the alterations was the appearance of intense exocytic activity in the region of the flagellar pocket, myelin-like figures, and vacuoles in the cytoplasm of parasites treated with 9.0microg/mL. Cells treated with 25.0microg/mL showed a very large structure, apparently an extension of the endoplasmic reticulum. Also, mitochondrial swelling was detected at this concentration, indicating damage and significant change in this organelle. A cytotoxicity assay showed that the action of the isolated compound is more specific for protozoa and it is not toxic to macrophages. Our studies indicated that eupomatenoid-5 might be a potential new drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis, because this compound displays interesting antileishmanial activity in vitro against promastigote, axenic amastigote, and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20064628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 7. | J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]Assessment of anti-protozoal activity of plants traditionally used in Ecuador in the treat ment of leishmaniasis.Gachet MS, Lecaro JS, Kaiser M, Brun R, Navarrete H, Muñoz RA, Bauer R, Schühly W.Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria. For the assessment of the in vitro anti-protozoal potential of plants traditionally used in Ecuador in the treatment of leishmaniasis, a combined approach based on interviews with healers as well as a literature search was carried out. From three regions of Ecuador, 256 local healers called "Agents of Traditional Medicine" (ATMs) were interviewed about their knowledge of the use of plants to treat and heal the illness recognized by the ATMs as leishmaniasis. The survey resulted in 431 use-records for 145 plant-taxa used for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The 10 most frequently reported taxa accounted for 37,7% of all records. In a literature survey, 14 plants were identified as being used in the treatment of leishmaniasis out of which five were also reported in the interviews with ATMs. Subsequently, plant material was collected from a representative selection of 39 species. A total of 140 extracts were screened in vitro against Leishmania donovani, Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma cruzi. Additionally, these extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities using five gram-positive and -negative bacteria as well as Candida albicans. In the case of leishmaniasis, activity was observed for Elephantopus mollis,Minquartia guianensis, Bocconia integrifolia, Gouania lupuloides, Scoparia dulcis, an as-yet-unidentified species of Piper, and Brugmansia. For the leaves of Minquartia guianensis and the twigs and bark of Gouania lupuloides a good selectivity index (SI) was found. IC(50) values and the SI of active plant extracts are presented. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. |
| PMID: 20064594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 8. | Pharm Unserer Zeit. 2009;38(6):552-8.[Agents for the treatment of African sleeping sickness. Those developed in the last century][Article in German] Schlitzer M.Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg. schlitzer@staff.uni-marburg.de |
| PMID: 19862727 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | Pharm Unserer Zeit. 2009;38(6):546-50.[African sleeping sickness. An ancient threat returns][Article in German] Stich A.Tropenmedizinische Abteilung, Missionsärztliche Klinik gGmbH, Salvatorstr. 7, 97074 Würzburg. stich@missioklinik.de |
| PMID: 19862715 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Pharm Unserer Zeit. 2009;38(6):483.[Editorial: Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 6/2009 ][Article in German] Holzgrabe U, Schlitzer M, Stich A. |
| PMID: 19862706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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