This message contains My NCBI what's new results from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Do not reply directly to this message.
Sender's message:
Sent on Thursday, 2010 Jan 14Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
Click here to view complete results in PubMed. (Results may change over time.)
To unsubscribe from these e-mail updates click here.
| PubMed Results |
| 1. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Jan 12;4(1):e581.Detection and identification of old world Leishmania by high resolution melt analysis.Talmi-Frank D, Nasereddin A, Schnur LF, Schönian G, Töz SO, Jaffe CL, Baneth G.School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel. BACKGROUND: Three major forms of human disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, are caused by several leishmanial species whose geographic distribution frequently overlaps. These Leishmania species have diverse reservoir hosts, sand fly vectors and transmission patterns. In the Old World, the main parasite species responsible for leishmaniasis are Leishmania infantum, L. donovani, L. tropica, L. aethiopica and L. major. Accurate, rapid and sensitive diagnostic and identification procedures are crucial for the detection of infection and characterization of the causative leishmanial species, in order to provide accurate treatment, precise prognosis and appropriate public health control measures. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: High resolution melt analysis of a real time PCR product from the Internal Transcribed Spacer-1 rRNA region was used to identify and quantify Old World Leishmania in 300 samples from human patients, reservoir hosts and sand flies. Different characteristic high resolution melt analysis patterns were exhibited by L. major, L. tropica, L. aethiopica, and L. infantum. Genotyping by high resolution melt analysis was verified by DNA sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism. This new assay was able to detect as little as 2-4 ITS1 gene copies in a 5 microl DNA sample, i.e., less than a single parasite per reaction. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This new technique is useful for rapid diagnosis of leishmaniasis and simultaneous identification and quantification of the infecting Leishmania species. It can be used for diagnostic purposes directly from clinical samples, as well as epidemiological studies, reservoir host investigations and vector surveys. |
| PMID: 20069036 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Related articles | |
Publication Types:
|
| 2. | J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Jan 12. [Epub ahead of print]Assessing aquaglyceroporin gene status and expression profile in antimony-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates of Leishmania donovani from India.Mandal S, Maharjan M, Singh S, Chatterjee M, Madhubala R.School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India. Objectives Clinical resistance to pentavalent antimonials results from an interplay between uptake, efflux and sequestration in Leishmania. Aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) have been shown to facilitate uptake of trivalent metalloids. Down-regulation of AQP1 in Leishmania results in resistance to trivalent antimony, whereas overexpression of AQP1 in drug-resistant parasites can reverse the resistance. The present work investigates the role of AQP1 in monitoring antimonial resistance in Indian leishmaniasis. Methods and results Susceptibility to trivalent antimony as determined in vitro with intracellular amastigotes from both visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients correlated well with the clinical response. Higher accumulation of trivalent antimony (SbIII) was observed in all susceptible isolates compared with resistant isolates. Reduced accumulation of SbIII correlated, with a few exceptions, with down-regulation of AQP1 RNA as determined by real-time PCR. Cloning and sequencing of the AQP1 gene from both VL and PKDL isolates showed sequence variation in four of the clinical isolates. None of the isolates had an alteration of Glu152 and Arg230, which have been previously shown to affect metalloid transport. Transfection of the AQP1 gene in a sodium antimony gluconate-resistant field isolate conferred susceptibility to the resistant isolate. Conclusions Our studies indicate genetic variation in VL and PKDL isolates. Down-regulation of AQP1 correlates well with clinical drug resistance in a majority of Indian VL and PKDL isolates. AQP1 gene expression at both the genetic and transcriptional level showed positive correlation with SbIII accumulation, with some exceptions. |
| PMID: 20067981 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| Related articles | |
| 3. | Acta Trop. 2010 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print]Diversity and Spatial distribution of vectors and hosts of T. brucei gambiense in forest zones of, Southern Cameroon: epidemiological implications.Massussi JA, Massussi JA, Mbida JA, Djieto-Lordon C, Njiokou F, Laveissière C.IRAD. Host and vector distribution of T. brucei gambiense was studied in relation to habitat types and seasons. Six (19.35%) of the 31 mammal species recorded in Bipindi were reservoir hosts. Cercopithecus nictitans was confined to the undisturbed forest and the low intensive shifting cultivation zones, while Cephalophus monticola, Cephalophus dorsalis, Cricetomys gambianus,Atherurus africanus and Nandinia binotata occurred in all the habitat types. As for vectors of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Glossina palpalis palpalis, was the most abundant (99.13%) among tsetse fly species. It occurs in all biotopes with its highest density recorded in the village-adjacent forest. The village-adjacent forest is therefore the most risky transmission zone for HAT mainly during the short rainy season when G. p. palpalis' density is highest (2.91); while, the high and low intensive shifting cultivation zones are the most important contact zones between humans, G. p. palpalis and wild mammals in all seasons. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
| PMID: 20067756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| Related articles | |
| 4. | Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Aug;27(4):344-6.[Visceral leishmaniasis in China during 2004-2007][Article in Chinese] Zheng CJ, Wang LY, Xu X, Zhu XH, Wu WP.Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Bejing, China. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of visceral leishmaniasis incidence in China from 2004 to 2007. METHODS: Data of leishmaniasis in 2004-2007 were collected from the National Web-Based Infectious Diseases Report System, and statistically analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 1,334 leishmaniasis cases was reported in the 4 years. The three provinces (autonomous region) with higher incidence were Xinjiang (occupying 47.5% of the total, 633/1,334), Gansu (33.2%, 443/1,334) and Sichuan (16.9%, 226/1,334). Cases distributed in all age groups, with the highest incidence in the group of under 10-year-old (51.3%). More cases occurred from March to August. Male to female ratio was 1.65:1. The number of counties with leishmaniasis cases increased from 43 in 2004 to 64 in 2007. CONCLUSION: The endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis shows an increasing trend. |
| PMID: 20066994 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Related articles | |
Publication Types:
|
| 5. | Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Aug;27(4):307-11.[Virulence-associated gene profiling of different Leishmania spp][Article in Chinese] Zhang RG, Zhang J, Jing BQ.Institute of Immunology and Molecular Biology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression level of virulence-associated genes in promastigotes and amastigotes of different Leishmania spp. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from the promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania donovani, L. infantum, L. tropica, L. major and L. mexicana, and relevant strains. According to the reported gene sequences in GenBank, primers were designed in relation to the virulence-associated genes [GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GDPMP), 3'a2rel-related protein (A2rel), beta-galactofuranosyl transferase (LPG1), lipophosphoglycan biosynthetic protein (LPG2), kinetoplast membrane protein 11 (KMP-11), cpc gene for cysteine proteinase (CPC), hydrophilic acylated surface protein (HASPB1), cathepsin L-like cysteine protease (CPB2), cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase lmcpb2.8 (CPB2.8), Mr 100 000 heat shock protein (CLP b)], and control genes (alpha tubulin gene and GAPDH). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect expression level of these genes in promastigotes and amastigotes of different Leishmania spp. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the expression profiles of the genes among the promastigotes and amastigotes of different Leishmania spp. The HASPB1 was detected in the amastigotes of all strains and promastigotes of L. donovani, the GDPMP, LPG1, LPG2, CPB2.8, CPB2, CPC, A2rel and CLP b were expressed in the promastigotes and/or amastigotes of the specific Leishmania spp, respectively. None of the stains carried the KMP-11 gene, whereas the amastigotes of L. donovani SC10 strain and L. major 5ASKH strain possessed CPC. CONCLUSION: The expression profile of the virulence-associated genes shows species-specific and stage-specific differences. |
| PMID: 20066984 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Related articles | |
Publication Types:
|
| 6. | Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Oct;27(5):394-7.[Present situation of visceral leishmaniasis and prospect for its control in China][Article in Chinese] Guan LR.National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, considerable success was achieved in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) control. By the end of 1970s, VL was effectively controlled from most endemic areas. However, VL has still been prevalent in some areas or sporadical cases reported in some other areas of 6 provinces/autonomous regions in western China, including Xinjiang, Gansu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia It is suggested that research activities be encouraged, including epidemiological factors, phlebotomine vector biology and control, wild animal hosts and disease relapse after treatment. Surveillance should be emphasized in the provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities where the disease has already been eliminated. |
| PMID: 20066970 [PubMed - in process] | |
| Related articles | |
Publication Types:
|
| 7. | Vet Res. 2009 Nov-Dec;40(6):52. Epub 2009 Jun 24.Modulation of the immunogenicity of the Trypanosoma congolense cysteine protease, congopain, through complexation with alpha(2)-macroglobulin.Huson LE, Authié E, Boulangé AF, Goldring JP, Coetzer TH.School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg campus), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa. The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma congolense is the main causative agent of livestock trypanosomosis. Congopain, the major lysosomal cysteine proteinase of T. congolense, contributes to disease pathogenesis, and antibody-mediated inhibition of this enzyme may contribute to mechanisms of trypanotolerance. The potential of different adjuvants to facilitate the production of antibodies that would inhibit congopain activity was evaluated in the present study. Rabbits were immunised with the recombinant catalytic domain of congopain (C2), either without adjuvant, with Freund's adjuvant or complexed with bovine or rabbit alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M). The antibodies were assessed for inhibition of congopain activity. Rabbits immunised with C2 alone produced barely detectable anti-C2 antibody levels and these antibodies had no effect on recombinant C2 or native congopain activity. Rabbits immunised with C2 and Freund's adjuvant produced the highest levels of anti-C2 antibodies. These antibodies either inhibited C2 and native congopain activity to a small degree, or enhanced their activity, depending on time of production after initial immunisation. Rabbits receiving C2-alpha(2)M complexes produced moderate levels of anti-C2 antibodies and these antibodies consistently showed the best inhibition of C2 and native congopain activity of all the antibodies, with maximum inhibition of 65%. Results of this study suggest that antibodies inhibiting congopain activity could be raised in livestock with a congopain catalytic domain-alpha(2)M complex. This approach improves the effectiveness of the antigen as an anti-disease vaccine candidate for African trypanosomosis. PMCID: PMC2713678 |
| PMID: 19549486 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
| Related articles Free article | |
  | |
Publication Types:
MeSH Terms:
Substances:
|
No comments:
Post a Comment