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Sent on Saturday, 2010 Jan 16Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Phytother Res. 2010 Jan 13. [Epub ahead of print]Antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial and cytotoxic potential of twenty-three British and Irish red algae.Allmendinger A, Spavieri J, Kaiser M, Casey R, Hingley-Wilson S, Lalvani A, Guiry M, Blunden G, Tasdemir D.Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK. As part of our continuing research on seaweeds, we have screened the crude extracts of 23 red marine algae collected from England and Ireland. The clinically important blood-stage life forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as test organisms in the in vitro assays. The selectivity of the extracts was determined by using mammalian skeletal myoblast (L6) cells. All algal extracts showed activity against T. brucei rhodesiense, with Corallina officinalis and Ceramium virgatum being the most potent (IC(50) values 4.8 and 5.4 mug/ml), whilst none of the algal extracts inhibited the growth of T. cruzi. Except for Porphyra leucosticta, extracts from all seaweeds also showed leishmanicidal activity with IC(50) values ranging from 16.5 to 85.6 mug/ml. Only the crude extract of Calliblepharis jubata showed some weak activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC value 256 mug/ml), while the others were inactive at this concentration. Corallina officinalis was the only seaweed that displayed some marginal cytotoxicity (IC(50) value 88.6 mug/ml), and all remaining extracts were non-toxic towards L6 cells at 90 mug/ml concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activity of British and Irish red algae. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| PMID: 20077438 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | Am J Dermatopathol. 2010 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]T Regulatory Cells and Plasmocytoid Dentritic Cells in Hansen Disease: A New Insight Into Pathogenesis?Massone C, Nunzi E, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R, Talhari C, Talhari S, Schettini AP, Parente JN, Brunasso AM, Puntoni M, Clapasson A, Noto S, Cerroni L.From the *Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; daggerUnit of Social Dermatology, National Reference Center for Hansen's Disease, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria "San Martino" di Genova and Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; double daggerDepartment of Pathology & Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; section signDepartment of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Amazonas; paragraph signFoundation Alfredo Da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brazil; parallelDepartment of Dermatology; and **Department of Oncology, Clinical Sperimentation and Biostatistic, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy. Leprosy is characterized by spectrum of histologically different granulomatous skin lesions that reflects the patient's immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Presence, frequency, and distribution of both CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (T-regs) and CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells in leprosy have never been investigated. We performed a retrospective immunohistochemical study on 20 cases of leprosy [tuberculoid tuberculoid (TT): 1 patient; borderline tuberculoid (BT): 3 patients; borderline lepromatous (BL): 5 patients; lepromatous lepromatous (LL): 5 patients; borderline borderline in reversal reaction (BB-RR): 1 patient; BT-RR: 2 patients; and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL): 3 patients]. FoxP3-positive cells were present in 95% of the cases with an average density of 2.9% of the infiltrate. Their distribution was not related to granulomatous structures or special locations. There was no statistical difference of FoxP3 expression between TT, BT, BL, and LL, whereas a statistical significant increment (P = 0.042) was observed in patients affected by reversal leprosy reactions (BT-RR and BB-RR) compared with patients affected by ENL and patients with nonreactional disease forms (BL, LL, BT, TT). CD123 expression was not observed in any of the biopsy specimens evaluated; with the exception of 2 cases of ENL, in which a focal positivity for CD123 was observed. Our results show that plasmacytoid dendritic cells are not involved in the immune response against M. leprae while T-regs are present in leprosy skin lesions. These data raise the question if T-regs have a pathogenetic role in HD as previously demonstrated in Leishmania major and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| PMID: 20075708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Eur J Med Chem. 2009 Dec 28. [Epub ahead of print]Novel antileishmanial chalconoids: Synthesis and biological activity of 1- or 3-(6-chloro-2H-chromen-3-yl)propen-1-ones.Nazarian Z, Emami S, Heydari S, Ardestani SK, Nakhjiri M, Poorrajab F, Shafiee A, Foroumadi A.Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran. A series of novel chalconoids containing a 6-chloro-2H-chromen-3-yl group were prepared through a convenient and efficient synthetic method by using 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting material. The target compounds were evaluated against the promastigote form of Leishmania major using MTT assay. All of the evaluated compounds have shown high in vitro antileishmanial activity at concentrations less than 3.0 muM. The results of cytotoxicity assessment against mouse peritoneal macrophage cells showed that these compounds display antileishmanial activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20074836 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | BMC Genomics. 2010 Jan 14;11(1):31. [Epub ahead of print]Temperature increase prevails over acidification in gene expression modulation of amastigote differentiation in Leishmania infantum.Alcolea PJ, Alonso A, Gomez MJ, Sanchez-Gorostiaga A, Moreno-Paz M, Gonzalez-Pastor E, Torano A, Parro V, Larraga V.ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The extracellular promastigote and the intracellular amastigote stages alternate in the digenetic life cycle of the trypanosomatid parasite Leishmania. Amastigotes develop inside parasitophorous vacuoles of mammalian phagocytes, where they tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Temperature increase and pH decrease are crucial factors in the multifactorial differentiation process of promastigotes to amastigotes. Although expression profiling approaches for axenic, cell culture- and lesion-derived amastigotes have already been reported, the specific influence of temperature increase and acidification of the environment on developmental regulation of genes has not been previously studied. For the first time, we have used custom L. infantum genomic DNA microarrays to compare the isolated and the combined effects of both factors on the transcriptome. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence analysis of promastigote-specific glycoprotein gp46 and expression modulation analysis of the amastigote-specific A2 gene have revealed that concomitant exposure to temperature increase and acidification leads to amastigote-like forms. The temperature-induced gene expression profile in the absence of pH variation resembles the profile obtained under combined exposure to both factors unlike that obtained for exposure to acidification alone. In fact, the subsequent fold change-based global iterative hierarchical clustering analysis supports these findings. CONCLUSIONS: The specific influence of temperature and pH on the differential regulation of genes described in this study and the evidence provided by clustering analysis is consistent with the predominant role of temperature increase over extracellular pH decrease in the amastigote differentiation process, which provides new insights into Leishmania physiology. |
| PMID: 20074347 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 5. | Gac Med Mex. 2009 Sep-Oct;145(5):433-5.[Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania mexicana in Durango, Mexico: first clinical case report][Article in Spanish] Pérez-Vega JH, López-Moreno CY, López-Valenzuela JA, Rendón-Maldonado JG, López-Moreno HS.Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. BACKGROUND: Leishmanisis is a parasitic diseases caused by intracellular protozoan of Leishmania genus. These parasites are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine flies. Leishmanises are classified in different clinic variants: cutaneous localized or diffuse, mucocutaneous and visceral. In Mexico, the leishmanisis are distributed in several states, however Durango was considered free of leishmaniasis. CLINICAL CASE: A 9 year old male patient with an ulcerated pruriginous node of circular shape, 13 x 18 mm diameter, localized in the back of the right arm with 6 months progression. The patient was a permanent resident of Durango, Mexico. Histopathology evidenced macrophages infected with amastigotes. The PCR-RFLP result was consistent with Leishmania mexicana. Treatment with glucantime was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Here we report the first clinical case of leishmanisis cutaneous localized caused by Leishmania mexicana from Durango, Mexico in a 9 years old male, confirming the increasing propagation of this protozoan parasite in Mexico. |
| PMID: 20073449 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 6. | Wiad Parazytol. 2009;55(3):249-58.The occurrence and ultrastructure of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) lewisi (Kent, 1880) Laveran and Mesnil, 1901, the parasite of rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Poland.Karbowiak G, Wita I, Czaplińska U.W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland. grzgrz@twarda.pan.pl This study reports the light and electron microscopic examination of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) lewisi (Kent, 1880) Laveran and Mesnil, 1901, isolated from rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Poland. Bloodstream trypomastigotes were identified morphometrically from 100 specimens collected from three naturally infected rats Rattus norvegicus. Body length ranged from 15.45-23.64 microm and width from 1.3-2.32 microm while the free flagellum was 8.1 microm long. Electron microscopic study of bloodstream trypomastigotes exhibited typical ultrastructural features similar to those of other stercorarian trypanosomes. The presently determined morphological data have been compared with those provided by other authors. |
| PMID: 19856842 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | Toxicol Pathol. 2009;37(6):770-5. Epub 2009 Aug 18.Administration of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate in healthy dogs: clinicopathological evaluation of the impact on the kidneys.Bianciardi P, Brovida C, Valente M, Aresu L, Cavicchioli L, Vischer C, Giroud L, Castagnaro M.paolobianci@libero.it In canine leishmaniosis (CanL), kidneys are affected in virtually all dogs. Treatment of CanL is limited in Europe to meglumine antimoniate and miltefosine. This study evaluated the pharmacological, toxicological, and pathological effects of both drugs in healthy beagle dogs. Four male and four female dogs were divided into two groups. The animals in Group 1 were administered an oral solution of 2% of miltefosine at 2 mg/kg b.w. once a day, for twenty-eight days. The animals in Group 2 were administered a preparation of meglumine antimoniate at 100 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously once a day for twenty-eight days. After treatment, all dogs were followed-up for a further twenty-eight days. Dogs were observed daily and clinically examined ten times throughout the study. On days -1 and 55 a renal biopsy was performed on all dogs and analyzed by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. All the examinations failed to demonstrate any lesions in the miltefosine-treated dogs. Conversely, all the meglumine antimoniate-treated dogs demonstrated severe tubular damage, characterized by tubular cell necrosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, although no clinical signs of renal disease were evident, the use of meglumine antimoniate in the pharmacological treatment approach of CanL-affected dogs should be carefully considered. |
| PMID: 19690151 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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