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Sent on Friday, 2010 May 14Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010 Apr;43(2):194-7.[Visceral leishmaniasis: retrospective study on factors associated with lethality][Article in Portuguese] de Alvarenga DG, Escalda PM, da Costa AS, Monreal MT.Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, MG. daniel_alvarenga@hotmail.com AbstractINTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis is a public health problem, with lethality reaching 10%. The recommended drug treatment is methylglucamine antimoniate. This study aimed to evaluate drug use for cases of visceral leishmaniasis treated at the Infectology Clinic of the Campo Grande University Hospital Center, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: To collect data, we examined the medical records of 76 patients with a diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis treated at this Infectology Clinic. RESULTS: The medical files of 76 patients (56 men and 20 women; 28.9%) showed comorbidities. The first choice drug for 88.2% of the patients was N-methylglucamine antimoniate, with a fatal outcome for 18.4%. Survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference between patients with and without comorbidities (p <0.0001) and with comorbidities who used Glucantime (p < 0.0009). The fatality rate of 18.4% indicates the low efficiency of the healthcare measures used. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the prognosis becomes poor when associated with the presence of comorbidities, and that the treatment needs to be carefully administered to minimize mortality. |
| PMID: 20464152 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 2. | Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010 Apr;43(2):188-93.[Mortality due to visceral leishmaniasis: clinical and laboratory characteristics][Article in Portuguese] de Oliveira JM, Fernandes AC, Dorval ME, Alves TP, Fernandes TD, Oshiro ET, de Oliveira AL.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS. janainamoliveira@gmail.com AbstractINTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic infectious disease of broad geographical distribution, characterized by high potential for lethality. With the purpose of contributing towards reducing mortality and helping healthcare professionals in clinical management of patients with this disease, this paper aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of cases with a fatal outcome in hospitals in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, between 2003 and 2008. METHODS: Fifty-five medical files on patients who died due to visceral leishmaniasis were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 55 patients studied, 37 were from the municipality of Campo Grande; 41 (74.5%) were males; and age over 40 years predominated. The patients presented with fever in 89.1% of the cases. The duration of the illness from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization was 78.2 days on average. Leukopenia was seen in 85.5% of the patients. Comorbidities were present in 39 (70.9%) patients; malnutrition and alcoholism were the most frequent of these. Confirmation of the diagnosis occurred on average 6.7 days after admission. Pentavalent antimoniate was the drug most used, and 87.5% of the patients presented some type of adverse reaction. Bacterial infections occurred in 36 patients and were one of the causes of death in 27 (49%). CONCLUSIONS: The data showed that early identification of these clinical and laboratory characteristics, at the time when patients are first attended, is extremely important for reducing mortality through instituting efficient therapeutic and prophylactic measures. |
| PMID: 20464151 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 3. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2010 Apr;52(2):95-100.Subcutaneous immunization against Leishmania major - infection in mice: efficacy of formalin-killed promastigotes combined with adjuvants.Mutiso JM, Macharia JC, Mutisya RM, Taracha E.Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya, 24481-00502. AbstractFormalin-killed promastigotes (FKP) of Leishmania major, in combination with Montanide ISA 720 (MISA), BCG or alum were used in vaccination of an inbred murine model against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Significant and specific increases in anti-FKP IgG responses were detected for both alum-FKP and BCG-FKP compared to MISA-FKP (p < 0.001). Significant increases in splenic lymphocyte recall proliferation was obtained in the MISA-FKP vaccinated mice compared to alum-FKP or BCG-FKP vaccinated groups (p < 0.01). The highest interferon-gamma responses were observed in the BCG-FKP group followed by the MISA-FKP while the alum-FKP gave the least responses. Significantly reduced lesion sizes were obtained in the MISA-FKP group compared to the BCG/alum adjuvants-FKP vaccinated groups. Although the BCG-FKP group showed the highest IFN-gamma responses, it failed to control cutaneous lesions. Significant reductions in parasite numbers were observed in the MISA-FKP and BCG-FKP vaccinated groups (p < 0.001). There was a good correlation between parasite burden and IFN-gamma level indicating IFN-gamma response as a sensitive parameter of the immune status. In conclusion, MISA-FKP is the most efficacious vaccine formulation against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
| PMID: 20464130 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 4. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2010 Apr;52(2):89-93.Leishmanicidal activity of Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus crude extract.Parra MG, Fidalgo LM, Martinez JM, Alvarez AM, Iglesias OV.Departmento de Parasitología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. marley@ipk.sld.cu AbstractIn this study, a methanolic extract from Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus was evaluated for activity against Leishmania amazonensis. The extract showed activity against the promastigote and amastigote forms with IC50 values of 62.9 and 37.5 microg.mL-1 respectively. This extract showed a moderate toxicity on macrophages from BALB/c mice. A dose of 100 mg/kg/day was effective when administered during 15 days by intraperitoneal route to BALB/c mice infected experimentally. |
| PMID: 20464129 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 5. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2010 Apr;52(2):83-8.Leishmania spp. parasite isolation through inoculation of patient biopsy macerates in interferon gamma knockout mice.de Oliveira MA, Pires Ada S, de Bastos RP, Lima GM, Pinto SA, Pereira LI, Pereira AJ, Abrahamsohn Ide A, Dorta ML, Ribeiro-Dias F.Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, 74605-050. mapoliv@usp.br AbstractIsolation of Leishmania parasite and species identification are important for confirmation and to help define the epidemiology of the leishmaniasis. Mice are often used to isolate pathogens, but the most common mouse strains are resistant to infection with parasites from the Leishmania (Viannia) subgenus. In this study we tested the inoculation of interferon gamma knockout (IFNgamma KO) mice with biopsy macerates from Leishmania-infected patients to increase the possibility of isolating parasites. Biopsies from twenty five patients with clinical signs of leishmaniasis were taken and tested for the presence of parasites. Immunohistochemical assay (IHC) and conventional histopathology detected the parasite in 88% and 83% of the patients, respectively. Leishmania sp. were isolated in biopsy macerates from 52% of the patients by culture in Grace's insect medium, but 13% of isolates were lost due to contamination. Inoculation of macerates in IFNgamma KO mice provides isolation of parasites in 31.8% of the biopsies. Most isolates belong to L. (Viannia) subgenus, as confirmed by PCR, except one that belongs to L. (Leishmania) subgenus. Our preliminary results support the use of IFNgamma KO mice to improve the possibility to isolate New World Leishmania species. |
| PMID: 20464128 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 6. | J Infect Dis. 2010 May 12. [Epub ahead of print]Immunopathological Studies of Leishmania amazonensis Infection in Resistant and in Susceptible Mice.de Oliveira Cardoso F, de Souza CD, Mendes VG, Abreu-Silva AL, Gonçalves da Costa SC, Calabrese KD.Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, 2Laboratório de Diagnóstico, Ensino e Pesquisa, Centro de Saúde Escola Germano Sinval Faria/ENSP/FIOCRUZ, 3Experimentação animal/IOC/FIOCRUZ, and 4Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AbstractLeishmania amazonensis infection was studied in mice to evaluate the evolution of leishmaniasis. The association of different methods, such as lesion kinetics, limiting dilution analysis, and immunohistochemistry, established different levels of susceptibility and resistance. Mice were arranged in 3 groups: susceptible (C57BL/10 and CBA), relatively resistant (DBA/2), and resistant (C3H.He). The histopathological analysis of primary lesions and draining lymph nodes showed a predominance of eosinophils and mast cells in the initial phase of infection in all mice. However, the most susceptible mice presented a greater number of amastigotes and higher tissue damage. The immunoglobulin analysis showed that susceptible mice produced high levels of antibodies, whereas resistant and relatively resistant mice exhibited low production of antibodies. Resistant mice showed parasite persistency in the skin and lymph nodes, suggesting that the infection in these mice can be sustained through the infection of cells such as dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and other cells present in these organs. |
| PMID: 20462353 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 7. | Expert Rev Proteomics. 2010 Feb;7(1):113-26.Tsetse flies, trypanosomes, humans and animals: what is proteomics revealing about their crosstalks?Holzmuller P, Grébaut P, Cuny G, Biron DG.CIRAD UMR 17 Trypanosomes, UMR 177 IRD-CIRAD Interactions Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites dans les Trypanosomoses, TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France. philippe.holzmuller@cirad.fr AbstractHuman and animal African trypanosomoses, or sleeping sickness and Nagana, are neglected vector-borne parasitic diseases caused by protozoa belonging to the Trypanosoma genus. Advances in proteomics offer new tools to better understand host-vector-parasite crosstalks occurring during the complex parasitic developmental cycle, and to determine the outcome of both transmission and infection. In this review, we summarize proteomics studies performed on African trypanosomes and on the interactions with their vector and mammalian hosts. We discuss the contributions and pitfalls of using diverse proteomics tools, and argue about the interest of pathogenoproteomics, both to generate advances in basic research on the best knowledge and understanding of host-vector-pathogen interactions, and to lead to the concrete development of new tools to improve diagnosis and treatment management of trypanosomoses in the near future. |
| PMID: 20121481 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 8. | J Comp Pathol. 2010 Feb-Apr;142(2-3):170-6. Epub 2009 Dec 1.Pathological findings associated with experimental infection by Trypanosoma evansi in cats.Da Silva AS, Pierezan F, Wolkmer P, Costa MM, Oliveiro CB, Tonin AA, Santurio JM, Lopes ST, Monteiro SG.Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. aleksandro_ss@yahoo.com.br AbstractFive cats were experimentally inoculated with Trypanosoma evansi in order to evaluate the pathological changes induced by this protozoan infection. Clinical signs observed included vomiting, diarrhoea, hyperthermia, weight loss, facial oedema, corneal opacity, lymphadenopathy and hindlimb instability. Reduction in hematocrit was observed from 7 days post-infection (dpi) (P<0.05). One cat died at 40 dpi and the other four cats were humanely destroyed. Necropsy examination was performed in two cats at 56 dpi and two cats at 120 dpi. Gross findings in all cats included generalized muscle atrophy, pale mucosae, icterus of the subcutaneous and serosal tissue and the intima of arteries, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Other findings included corneal opacity, subcutaneous oedema (mainly of the head) and hydropericardium. Trypomastigotes of T. evansi were observed in impression smears prepared from the aqueous humor. Microscopically, there was lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen and lymph nodes. The animals with corneal opacity had mild corneal oedema and accumulation of fibrin and inflammatory cells (neutrophils and plasma cells) in the anterior chamber. Similar inflammatory cells infiltrated the iris, ciliary body, corneoscleral limbus and conjunctiva. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 19954795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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