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Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Jan 19Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Planta Med. 2011 Jan 17. [Epub ahead of print]Current Approaches to Discover Marine Antileishmanial Natural Products.Tempone AG, Martins de Oliveira C, Berlinck RG.Department of Parasitology, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology on Anti-parasitic Drugs, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. AbstractLeishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by kinetoplastid protozoans. An urgent need for novel chemotherapeutics exists. The current approaches to discover new antileishmanial compounds present many drawbacks, including high-cost and time-consuming bioassays. Thus, advances in leishmaniasis treatment are limited, and the development of screening assays is hindered. The combination of multidisciplinary approaches using standardised methods and synchronous projects could be an alternative to develop novel drugs for leishmaniasis treatment. In this review, we discuss the current status of leishmaniasis occurrence and treatment. In addition, we address the advantages and limitations of IN VITRO leishmaniasis bioassays and discuss the findings of drug discovery research using natural products. Finally, we comprehensively review the marine natural products that are active against LEISHMANIA spp., including their natural sources and bioactivity profile. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York. |
| PMID: 21243582 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | Parasitol Res. 2011 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]Anti-leishmanial and anti-trypanosomal potential of polygodial isolated from stem barks of Drimys brasiliensis Miers (Winteraceae).Corrêa DS, Tempone AG, Reimão JQ, Taniwaki NN, Romoff P, Fávero OA, Sartorelli P, Mecchi MC, Lago JH.Laboratorio de Toxinologia Aplicada, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 8o andar, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. AbstractParasitic protozoan diseases affect the poorest population in developing countries. Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease have been included among the most important threats for public health in Central and South American continent, with few therapeutic alternatives and highly toxic drugs. In the course of selection of novel drug candidates, we studied the anti-protozoal potential of Drimys brasiliensis. Thus, the crude hexane extract from stem bark as well as its main derivative, the sesquiterpene polygodial, were tested using in vitro assays. The crude hexane extract and polygodial showed activity against Leishmania spp. in the range between 22 and 62 μg/mL, but polygodial demonstrated high parasite selectivity towards Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (2 μg/mL), with a selectivity index of 19. Finally, polygodial showed a leishmanicidal effect, inducing intense ultrastructural damages in Leishmania in short-time incubation. The obtained results suggested that polygodial could be used as a tool for drug design studies against protozoan diseases and as a candidate molecule for further in vivo studies against T. cruzi. |
| PMID: 21243506 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Rev Bras Reumatol. 2010 Dec;50(6):710-713.[Felty's syndrome and Kala-azar: a challenge for the rheumatologist.][Article in Portuguese] Viana RB, Neiva CL, Dias AF, Souza EJ, Pádua PM.Hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte. AbstractCase report of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed severe neutropenia, splenomegaly and was diagnosed with Felty's syndrome. The patient later developed Kala-azar. Both diseases have similar clinical and laboratory presentation, making the differential diagnosis difficult. The present case report aims at drawing attention to the identification of visceral Leishmaniasis infection in patients with rheumatic diseases, as well as possibility of a patient with Kala-azar mimicking a set of symptoms of systemic rheumatic disease. |
| PMID: 21243309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | Cad Saude Publica. 2010 Dec;26(12):2414-9.Lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected by Leishmania (L.) chagasi in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, an area of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.Missawa NA, Michalsky EM, Fortes-Dias CL, Santos Dias E.Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brasil. AbstractThe American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is caused by parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania (Trypanosomatidae) and is transmitted to humans through the bite of certain species of infected phlebotomine sand flies. In this study, we investigated the natural infection ratio of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector species of AVL in Brazil, in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso State. Between July 2004 and June 2006, phlebotomine sand flies were captured in peridomestic areas using CDC light-traps. Four hundred and twenty (420) specimens of Lu. longipalpis were captured. 42 pools, containing 10 specimens of Lu. longipalpis each, were used for genomic DNA extraction and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in three out of the 42 pools tested, resulting in a minimal infection ratio of 0.71%. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis indicated that Leishmania (L.) chagasi was the infective agent in the positive pools. |
| PMID: 21243236 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 5. | Cad Saude Publica. 2010 Dec;26(12):2409-2413.[Molecular analysis of natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area for visceral leishma niasis in Brazil.][Article in Portuguese] Soares MR, Carvalho CC, Silva LA, Lima MS, Barral AM, Rebêlo JM, Pereira SR.Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Brasil. AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania chagasi in female sand flies in a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus on São Luís Island, Maranhão State, Brazil. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to determine the rate of natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis by L. chagasi in areas of old and recent human settlement on São Luís Island. Based on a sample of 800 female specimens captured from March to August 2005, the natural infection rate was 1.25% in an area of old settlement and 0.25% in two recently settled areas. Infection of L. longipalpis was detected in both areas, regardless of the number of reported human VL cases, indicating that other factors modulating infection in the wild need to be investigated. The results confirm PCR as a specific technique and an important tool for epidemiological surveillance. |
| PMID: 21243235 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 6. | Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Jan 15. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis identification by PCR in the state of Para , Brazil.Bacha HA, Tuon FF, Zampieri RA, Floeter-Winter LM, Oliveira J, Nicodemo AC, Quiroga MM, Mascheretti M, Boulos M, Amato VS.Department of Infectious Diseases, University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. AbstractThe incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is increasing and there is limited surveillance of Leishmania species throughout the world. We identified the species associated with CL in a region of Amazonia, an area recognized for its Leishmania species variability. Clinical findings were analyzed and correlated with the species identified in 93 patients. PCR assays were based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU-rDNA) and G6PD, and were performed in a laboratory located 3,500km away. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis was identified in 53 patients (57%). The other 40 patients (43%) carried a different species (including six cases of L. (L.) amazonensis). Molecular methods can be employed, using special media, to allow transport to distant laboratories. L. (V.) braziliensis is the most common species in the area of Para. The location of ulcers can suggest CL species. Copyright © 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 21241996 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 7. | Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]Biased cellular locations of tandem repeat antigens in African trypanosomes.Goto Y, Duthie MS, Kawazu SI, Inoue N, Carter D.Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan; National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan; Protein Advances Inc., USA. AbstractTrypanosoma brucei subspecies cause African trypanosomiasis in humans and animals. These parasites possess genes encoding proteins with large tandem repeat (TR) domains as do the other trypanosomatid parasites. We have previously demonstrated that TR protein of Leishmania infantum and T. cruzi are often targets of B-cell responses. However, African trypanosomes are susceptible to antibody-mediated immunity, and it may be detrimental for the parasites to have such B-cell antigens on the cell surface. Here we show TR proteins of T. brucei subspecies are also antigenic: recombinant TR proteins of these parasites detect antibodies in sera from mice infected with the parasites by ELISA. Analysis of amino acid sequences revealed that, different from TR proteins of Leishmania species or T. cruzi, the presence of predicted signal peptides, trans-membrane domains and GPI anchor signals in T. brucei TR proteins are significantly lower than those of the whole proteome. Many of the T. brucei TR proteins are specific in the species or conserved only in the closely related species, as is the same case for L. major and T. cruzi. These results suggest that, despite their sharing some common characteristics, such abundance in large TR domains and immunological dominance, TR genes have evolved independently among the trypanosomatid parasites. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
| PMID: 21241659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 8. | J Inorg Biochem. 2010 Dec;104(12):1276-82. Epub 2010 Aug 21.Dithiocarbazate complexes with the [M(PPh3)]2+ (M = Pd or Pt) moiety: synthesis, characterization and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity.Maia PI, Fernandes AG, Silva JJ, Andricopulo AD, Lemos SS, Lang ES, Abram U, Deflon VM.Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. pedovivo@iqsc.usp.br AbstractNew neutral Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of the type [M(L)(PPh(3))] (M = Pd or Pt) were prepared in crystalline form in high-yield synthesis with the S-benzyldithiocarbazates and S-4-nitrobenzyldithiocarbazates derivatives from 2-hydroxyacetophenone, H(2)L(1a) and H(2)L(1b), and benzoylacetone, H(2)L(2a) and H(2)L(2b). The new complexes [Pt(L(1a))(PPh(3))] (1), [Pd(L(1a))(PPh(3))] (2), [Pt(L(1b))(PPh(3))] (3), [Pd(L(1b))(PPh(3))] (4), [Pt(L(2a))(PPh(3))] (5), [Pd(L(2a))(PPh(3))] (6), [Pt(L(2b))(PPh(3))] (7) and [Pd(L(2b))(PPh(3))] (8) were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, UV-visible, IR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), NMR ((1)H and (31)P) and by X-ray diffraction studies. The studies showed that differently from what was observed for the H(2)L(1a) and H(2)L(1b) ligands, H(2)L(2a) and H(2)L(2b) assume cyclic forms as 5-hydroxypyrazolinic. Upon coordination, H(2)L(2a) and H(2)L(2b) suffer ring-opening reaction, coordinating in the same manner as H(2)L(1a) and H(2)L(1b), deprotonated and in O,N,S-tridentate mode to the (MPPh(3))(2+) moiety. All complexes show a quite similar planar fourfold environment around the M(II) center. Furthermore, these complexes exhibited biological activity on extra and intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with IC(50) values ranging from 7.8 to 18.7 μM, while the ligand H(2)L(2a) presented a trypanocidal activity on trypomastigote form better than the standard drug benznidazole. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20843554 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | J Inorg Biochem. 2010 Dec;104(12):1252-8. Epub 2010 Aug 14.Risedronate metal complexes potentially active against Chagas disease.< /h1>Demoro B, Caruso F, Rossi M, Benítez D, Gonzalez M, Cerecetto H, Parajón-Costa B, Castiglioni J, Galizzi M, Docampo R, Otero L, Gambino D.DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, C. C. 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay. AbstractIn the search for new metal-based drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease, the most widespread Latin American parasitic disease, novel complexes of the bioactive ligand risedronate (Ris, (1-hydroxy-1-phosphono-2-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl)phosphonate), [M(II)(Ris)(2)]·4H(2)O, where M═Cu, Co, Mn and Ni, and [Ni(II)(Ris)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O were synthesized and characterized by using analytical measurements, thermogravimetric analyses, cyclic voltammetry and infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Crystal structures of [Cu(II)(Ris)(2)]·4H(2)O and [Ni(II)(Ris)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·H(2)O were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The complexes, as well as the free ligand, were evaluated in vitro against epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease. Results demonstrated that the coordination of risedronate to different metal ions improved the antiproliferative effect against T. cruzi, exhibiting growth inhibition values against the intracellular amastigotes ranging the low micromolar levels. In addition, this strong activity could be related to high inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase enzyme. On the other hand, protein interaction studies showed that all the complexes strongly interact with albumin thus providing a suitable means of transporting them to tissues in vivo. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20817265 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Int J Parasitol. 2010 Nov;40(13):1531-8. Epub 2010 Jul 14.Induction of NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species production by a single Trypanosoma cruzi antigen.Guiñazú N, Carrera-Silva EA, Becerra MC, Pellegrini A, Albesa I, Gea S.CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. natanien@hotmail.com AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that predominantly invades mononuclear phagocytes and is able to establish a persistent infection. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by phagocytes is an innate defence mechanism against microorganisms. It has been postulated that ROS such as superoxide anion (O(2)), hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, may play a crucial role in the control of pathogen growth. However, information on parasite molecules able to trigger ROS production is scarce. In this work, we investigated whether cruzipain, an immunogenic glycoprotein from T. cruzi, was able to trigger the oxidative burst by murine cells. By employing chemiluminiscense and flow-cytometric analysis, we demonstrated that cruzipain induced ROS production in splenocytes from non-immune and cruzipain immune C57BL/6 mice and in a Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line. We also identified an O(2)(-) molecule as one of the ROS produced after antigen stimulation. Cruzipain stimulation induced NOX2 (gp91(phox)) and p47(phox) expression, as well as the co-localisation of both NADPH oxidase enzyme subunits. In the current study, we provide evidence that cruzipain not only increased ROS production but also promoted IL-6 and IL-1β cytokine production. Taken together, we believe these results demonstrate for the first time that cruzipain, a single parasite molecule, in the absence of infection, favors oxidative burst in murine cells. This represents an important advance in the knowledge of parasite molecules that interact with the phagocyte defence mechanism. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
| PMID: 20637209 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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