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Sent on Thursday, 2011 Jan 20Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Jan 4;5(1):e930.BALB/c Mice Deficient in CD4 T Cell IL-4Rα Expression Control Leishmania mexicana Load although Female but Not Male Mice Develop a Healer Phenotype.Bryson KJ, Millington OR, Mokgethi T, McGachy HA, Brombacher F, Alexander J.Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom. AbstractImmunologically intact BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania mexicana develop non-healing progressively growing lesions associated with a biased Th2 response while similarly infected IL-4Rα-deficient mice fail to develop lesions and develop a robust Th1 response. In order to determine the functional target(s) for IL-4/IL-13 inducing non-healing disease, the course of L. mexicana infection was monitored in mice lacking IL-4Rα expression in specific cellular compartments. A deficiency of IL-4Rα expression on macrophages/neutrophils (in LysM(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) animals) had minimal effect on the outcome of L. mexicana infection compared with control (IL-4Rα(-/flox)) mice. In contrast, CD4(+) T cell specific (Lck(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox)) IL-4Rα(-/-) mice infected with L. mexicana developed small lesions, which subsequently healed in female mice, but persisted in adult male mice. While a strong Th1 response was manifest in both male and female CD4(+) T cell specific IL-4Rα(-/-) mice infected with L. mexicana, induction of IL-4 was manifest in males but not females, independently of CD4(+) T cell IL-4 responsiveness. Similar results were obtained using pan-T cell specific (iLck(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox)) IL-4Rα(-/-) mice. Collectively these data demonstrate that upon infection with L. mexicana, initial lesion growth in BALB/c mice is dependent on non-T cell population(s) responsive to IL-4/IL-13 while progressive infection is dependent on CD4(+) T cells responsive to IL-4. |
| PMID: 21245915 [PubMed - in process] | |
| 2. | Hum Vaccin. 2011 Jan 1;7. [Epub ahead of print]Vaccines for Leishmaniasis: From proteome to vaccine candidates.Schroeder J, Aebischer T.Marie Curie Excellence Team Pathogen Habitats, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, UK. AbstractLeishmania spp. cause a wide spectrum of tropical diseases which are threatening an estimated 350 million people around the globe. While in most cases non-fatal, the disease is associated with high morbidity, social stigmata and poverty. However, the most severe form visceral leishmaniasis can be fatal if left untreated. Chemotherapeutics are available but show high toxicity, costs and are prone to resistance development due to prolonged treatment periods. Healing is associated with a life-long resistance to re-infection and this argues for the feasibility of vaccination. However, despite much effort, no such vaccine has become available yet. Here, the status of vaccine development in this field is briefly summarized before the focus is set on the promise of reverse vaccinology for anti-Leishmania vaccine development in the post-genomic era. We report on our own experience with this approach using an instructive example of successful candidate vaccine antigen identification. |
| PMID: 21245661 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 3. | J Med Case Reports. 2011 Jan 18;5(1):16. [Epub ahead of print]Toxoplasmosis in a patient who was immunocompetent: a case report.Taila AK, Hingwe AS, Johnson LE.AbstractABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects up to one-third of the world's population. Although this case is not the first of its kind, it is clinically important since it will help doctors keep a broad differential diagnosis in mind when attending to similar patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 20-year-old man of Middle Eastern heritage presenting with only generalized lymphadenopathy who was diagnosed with acute toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the important fact that toxoplasmosis can present with just simple lymphadenopathy, and thus can be confused with other infections such as Epstein-Barr virus and other mononucleosis-like illnesses such as cytomegalovirus, HIV with acute retroviral syndrome, cat scratch disease, leishmaniasis and syphilis. This case underlines why appropriate testing should be performed in confusing cases, and helps increase the knowledge about the diagnosis of this disease. |
| PMID: 21244658 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 4. | Isr Med Assoc J. 2010 Nov;12(11):652-6.Geographic and epidemiologic analysis of the cutaneous Leishmaniasis outbreak in northern Israel, 2000-2003.Vinitsky O, Ore L, Habiballa H, Cohen-Dar M.Ministry of Health - Northern District, Northern District, Nazareth Illit, Israel. Olga.Vinitsky@zafon.health.gov.il AbstractBACKGROUND: The incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Israel began to rise in 2000, peaking at 41.0 per 100,000 in the Kinneret subdistrict during the first half of 2003. OBJECTIVES: To examine the morbidity rates of CL in northern Israel during the period 1999-2003, which would indicate whether new endemic areas were emerging in this district, and to identify suspicious hosts. METHODS: The demographic and epidemiologic data for the reported cases (n=93) were analyzed using the GIS and SPSS software, including mapping habitats of suspicious hosts and localizing sites of infected sand flies. RESULTS: The maximal incidence rate in the district was found in the city Tiberias in 2003: 62.5/100,000 compared to 0-1.5/100,000 in other towns. The cases in Tiberias were concentrated on the peripheral line of two neighborhoods, close to the habitats of the rock hyraxes. Sand flies infected with Leishmania tropica were captured around the residence of those affected. Results of polymerase chain reaction were positive for Leishmania tropica in 14 of 15 tested patients. CONCLUSIONS: A new endemic CL area has emerged in Tiberias. The most suspicious reservoir of the disease is the rock hyrax. |
| PMID: 21243862 [PubMed - in process] | |
| 5. | Scand J Immunol. 2011 Jan;73(1):36-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02478.x.Splenectomy increases mortality in murine Trypan osoma cruzi infection.Maioli TU, Assis FA, Vieira PM, Borelli P, Santiago H, Alves R, Romanha AJ, Carneiro CM, Faria AM.Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. AbstractThe spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ that harbours a variety of cells such as T and B lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells important to immune response development. In this study, we evaluated the impact of spleen removal in the immune response to experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. C57BL/6 mice were infected with Y strain of the parasite and infection was followed daily. Mice that underwent splenectomy had fewer parasites in peripheral blood at the peak of infection; however, mortality was increased. Histological analysis of heart and liver tissues revealed an increased number of parasites and inflammatory infiltrates at these sites. Spleen removal was associated with reduction in IFN-γ and TNF-α production during infection as well as with a decrease in specific antibody secretion. Haematological disorders were also detected. Splenectomized mice exhibited severe anaemia and decreased bone marrow cell numbers. Our results indicate that spleen integrity is critical in T. cruzi infection for the immune response against the parasite, as well as for the control of bone marrow haematological function. © 2011 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
| PMID: 21129001 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 6. | Mol Ther. 2010 Oct;18(10):1745-7.Prophylactic antiparasitic transgenesis for human parasitic disease?Lukeš J, Raper J.Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic. jula@paru.cas.cz PMCID: PMC2951570 [Available on 2011/10/1] |
| PMID: 20885434 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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