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Sent on Friday, 2011 Feb 11Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | J Vis Exp. 2011 Jan 26;(47). pii: 1959. doi: 10.3791/1959.Examination of the Telomere G-overhang Structure in <em>Trypanosoma brucei</em>.Sandhu R, Li B.AbstractThe telomere G-overhang structure has been identified in many eukaryotes including yeast, vertebrates, and Trypanosoma brucei. It serves as the substrate for telomerase for de novo telomere DNA synthesis and is therefore important for telomere maintenance. T. brucei is a protozoan parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle. Once infected mammalian host, T. brucei cell regularly switches its surface antigen to evade the host's immune attack. We have recently demonstrated that the T. brucei telomere structure plays an essential role in regulation of surface antigen gene expression, which is critical for T. brucei pathogenesis. However, T. brucei telomere structure has not been extensively studied due to the limitation of methods for analysis of this specialized structure. We have now successfully adopted the native in-gel hybridization and ligation-mediated primer extension methods for examination of the telomere G-overhang structure and an adaptor ligation method for determination of the telomere terminal nucleotide in T. brucei cells. Here, we will describe the protocols in detail and compare their different advantages and limitations. |
| PMID: 21307825 [PubMed - in process] | |
| 2. | J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print]Detection of Group 1 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).Njiru ZK, Traub R, Ouma JO, Enyaru JC, Matovu E.School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 362 - 00902, Kikuyu, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. AbstractTrypanosoma brucei gambiense Group 1 is the major causative agent for the Gambian Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). Accurate diagnosis of Gambian HAT is still challenged by lack of precise diagnostic methods, low fluctuating parasitaemia and general poor services in the endemic areas. In this study we have designed a rapid loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for T.b. gambiense based on the 3' end of T. b. gambiense-specific glycoprotein (TgsGP) gene. The test is specific and amplifies DNA from T.b. gambiense isolates and clinical samples at 62°C within 40 minutes using a normal water bath. The analytical sensitivity of the TgsGP LAMP was an equivalent of 10 trypanosomes/ml using purified DNA and ∼1 trypanosome/ml using supernatant prepared from boiled blood, while that of classical PCR tests ranged from 10 to 10(3) trypanosomes/ml. There was a 100% agreement in the detection of the LAMP product by real time, gel electrophoresis and the DNA intercalating dye-SYBR® Green I. The LAMP amplicons were unequivocally confirmed through sequencing and analysis of melting curves. The assay was able to amplify parasite DNA from native CSF and double centrifuged supernatant prepared from boiled buffy coat and bone marrow aspirate. The robustness, superior sensitivity and ability to inspect results visually through colour change indicate the potential of TgsGP LAMP as a future point of care test. |
| PMID: 21307218 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 3. | Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones with antitrypanosomal activity.Spencer J, Rathnam RP, Harvey AL, Clements CJ, Clark RL, Barrett MP, Wong PE, Male L, Coles SJ, Mackay SP.School of Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK. AbstractA library of 1,4-benzodiazepines has been synthesized and evaluated against Trypanosoma brucei, a causative parasite of Human African trypanosomiasis. Benzodiazepines possessing a P2- transporter motif were found to have MIC values as low as 0.78μM. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 21306904 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 4. | Mol Microbiol. 2011 Feb 9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07563.x. [Epub ahead of print]Requirement for Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in Trypanosoma brucei is Dependent Upon the Growth Environment.Vigueira PA, Paul KS.Dept. of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA 29634. AbstractTrypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis, possesses two fatty acid synthesis pathways: a major de novo synthesis pathway in the ER and a mitochondrial pathway. The 2-carbon donor for both pathways is malonyl-CoA, which is synthesized from acetyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC). Here, we show that T. brucei ACC shares the same enzyme architecture and moderate ∼30% identity with yeast and human ACCs. ACC is cytoplasmic and appears to be distributed throughout the cell in numerous puncta distinct from glycosomes and other organelles. ACC is active in both bloodstream and procyclic forms. Reduction of ACC activity by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in a stage-specific phenotype. In procyclic forms, ACC RNAi resulted in 50-75% reduction in fatty acid elongation and a 64% reduction in growth in low lipid media. In bloodstream forms, ACC RNAi resulted in a minor 15% decrease in fatty acid elongation and no growth defect in culture, even in low lipid media. However, ACC RNAi did attenuate virulence in a mouse model of infection. Thus the requirement for ACC in T. brucei is dependent upon the growth environment in two different life cycle stages. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
| PMID: 21306439 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 5. | Parasite Immunol. 2011 Mar;33(3):170-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01268.x.The magnitude of CD4(+) T-cell activation rather than TCR diversity determines the outcome of Leishmania infection in mice.Xin L, Wanderley JL, Wang Y, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Soong L.Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA. AbstractCD4(+) T cells play a critical role in determining the disease outcome in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis, and selective usage of T-cell receptor (TCR) is implied in promoting Leishmania major infection. However, little information is available on TCR usage in Leishmania-specific, IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells. In this study, we investigated the TCR diversity and activation of CD4(+) T cells in a nonhealing model associated with L. amazonensis (La) infection and a self-healing model associated with L. braziliensis (Lb) infection. While marked expansion in the absolute number of several subsets was observed in Lb-infected mice, the percentages of TCR Vβ(+) CD4(+) -cell subsets were comparable in draining LN- and lesion-derived T cells in two infection models. We found that multiple TCR Vβ CD4(+) T cells contributed collectively and comparably to IFN-γ production and that the overall levels of IFN-γ production positively correlated with the control of Lb infection. Moreover, pre-infection with Lb parasites provided cross-protection against secondary La infection, owing to an enhanced magnitude of T-cell activation and IFN-γ production. Collectively, this study suggests that the magnitude of CD4(+) T-cell activation, rather than the TCR diversity, is the major determining factor for the outcome of Leishmania infection. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
| PMID: 21306400 [PubMed - in process] | |
| 6. | Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010 Dec;42(8):1597-9. Epub 2010 Jul 31.Prevalence and molecular diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in different districts of Punjab (Pakistan).Shahzad W, Munir R, Khan MS, Ahmad MD, Ijaz M, Ahmad A, Iqbal M.Livestock Production Research Institute Bahadurnagar, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. waseem1971@hotmail.com AbstractThe prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi was investigated in 1,250 Nili-Ravi buffaloes of mixed age and sex by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the first time in Pakistan. DNA of the trypanosomes was isolated with TRIREAGENT®. The assay was employed using primers ESAG 6/7, specific for a 237-bp fragment from T. evansi genomic DNA. The samples were screened for the presence of T. evansi also by stained thin smear. Forty-four (3.5%) samples were positive by microscopy, while 97 (7.7%) samples were identified by PCR, indicating the high sensitivity of PCR for surveying the disease in epidemiological studies. |
| PMID: 20680446 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010 Dec;42(8):1649-54. Epub 2010 Jun 6.Comparative diagnosis of parasitological, serological, and molecular tests in dourine-suspected horses.Gari FR, Ashenafi H, Tola A, Goddeeris BM, Claes F.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. fikruregassa@yahoo.com AbstractStudy on comparative sensitivity of parasitological, serological, and molecular tests on 237 horses originating from two dourine-suspected districts of Arsi-Bale highlands of Ethiopia was conducted to determine the prevalence of the disease and degree of agreement of the diagnostic tests. Accordingly, the prevalence of the disease was found to be 4.6%, 36.7%, and 47.6% by parasitological Woo test, RoTat 1.2 and 18S PCR tests, respectively. The seroprevalence of the disease was 27.6% in CATT/Trypanosoma evansi test. In Ethiopia, it was for the first time that trypanosomes from dourine suspected horses were demonstrated in 4.6% of the animals using Woo test. The findings of the present study disclosed that dourine is highly prevalent and one of the major diseases of horses in the area. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in prevalence of the disease between districts, sexes, and age groups of the animals. However, there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the prevalence of the disease between emaciated and animals with good body condition. Assessment of the degree of agreement of the diagnostic tests employed revealed low to fair [Formula: see text] with significantly higher sensitivity by PCR than other tests. |
| PMID: 20526860 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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