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Sent on Thursday, 2011 Feb 10Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| 1. | Harefuah. 2010 Sep;149(9):585-6, 619.[Laboratory tests for parasitic diseases in Israel].[Article in Hebrew] Marva E, Grossman T.AbstractMicroscopic examination is still considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. In many clinical laboratories in hospitals and in health maintenance organizations ("Kupot Holim"), an excellent microscopic identification of parasites is performed. Microscopic examinations using wet mount preparations are performed for the detection of protozoan trophozoites and helmintic ova or larvae. Specific concentration techniques, including flotation and sedimentation procedures are further performed for the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. However, microscopic examinations are time-consuming, non-sensitive and not always reliable. Furthermore, the diagnosis of certain infections is not always possible by searching for the parasites in host tissues or excreta since risky invasive techniques might be necessary to locate the parasites. Detection of antibodies can be very useful as an indication for infection with a specific parasite, especially in individuals with no exposure to the parasite prior to recent travel in a disease-endemic area. In addition to serology, there are other tests of high sensitivity which can be integrated with microscopy, such as antigen detection in stool and blood samples as well as the use of other molecular diagnosis methods. There are two main laboratories in Israel where parasitic diagnosis is available by integration of microscopy, serology, antigen detection and molecular methods: The Reference Laboratory for Parasitology in Jerusalem at the Central Laboratories of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Laboratory of Parasitology at Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva (SOR). There are also two special diagnostic units, one responsible for the identification of toxopLasma: Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv (Tox), and the other for the identification of Leishmaniasis: Kuvin Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Kuv). This article summarizes the tests which are currently available for the diagnosis of parasites in Israel and specifies the laboratories in which they can be performed. |
| PMID: 21302474 [PubMed - in process] | |
| 2. | Harefuah. 2010 Sep;149(9):563-7, 621.[Morbidity of Israeli travelers after traveling to developing countries].[Article in Hebrew] Mizrachi E, Steinlauf S, Schwartz E.Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center. editmizrachi@gmail.com AbstractBACKGROUND: International tourism, including traveling to developing countries, has become increasingly popular. The number of Israeli travelers to developing countries is estimated at approximately 170,000 annually. AIM: This study aims to analyze the morbidity among returning Israeli travelers. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was conducted of patient files for those attending the Tropical Disease clinic at the Sheba Medical Center between 1994-2004. RESULTS: A total of 842 patients attended the clinic during this period, with 1126 different diagnoses, including 20.9% of patients who were hospitalized in Israel and 6.2% abroad. Slightly more than half (56.7%) were male, 70% were in the 20-29 year age group. Most of the patients attended the clinic shortly after returning from traveling, but some attended the clinic more than 1 year later. The main destinations were Asia (49.2%), Latin America (23.4%) and Africa (23.2%). The most common diagnoses were gastrointestinal disease (41%), fatigue (25.8%), dermatological conditions (23.4%) and febrile diseases (22.7%). The typical diagnoses in travelers returning from Asia were chronic diarrhea and dengue fever. Dermatological conditions including leishmaniasis were prominent in travelers returning from Latin America, and in travelers returning from Africa--malaria, and schistosomiasis. In addition, there were gender differences; males acquired malaria, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis more often, while females had more gastrointestinal complaints and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Travelers acquired different health problems in different continents. This must be taken into consideration when patients seek medical advice either before or after their journey. Furthermore, physicians must be aware of the importance of having a thorough travel history of their patients, since medical problems acquired during travel may manifest long after returning home. |
| PMID: 21302468 [PubMed - in process] | |
| 3. | J Infect Dev Ctries. 2010 Oct 4;4(9):590-2.Validation of a particle gel immunoassay for Trypanosoma cruzi antibody detection using plasma samples collected with capillary tubes.Kawai MM, Salas JA, Tavares LA, Fontes CJ.Hospital Universitario Julio Muller, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. AbstractINTRODUCTION: The Chagas disease particle gel immunoassay (PaGIA-Chagas) is a simple, fast and practical test used for the diagnosis of the chronic Chagas disease and is based on anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibody detection in serum. This study aimed to validate the PaGIA-Chagas on plasma collected with capillary tubes. METHODOLOGY: Serum samples from 74 T. cruzi-infected and 26 non-infected individuals were tested by conventional indirect immunofluorescence and PaGIA-Chagas. Later, plasma specimens collected with capillary tubes from these same individuals were tested by PaGIA-Chagas. Results from serum samples tested by IFA and PAGIA- Chagas were considered as the reference standard to determine the accuracy parameters of the particle gel tested on plasma samples. The inter-test agreement of T. cruzi antibody detection by PaGIA-Chagas on serum and plasma was calculated using Kappa index. RESULTS: The PaGIA-Chagas performed on plasma collected with capillary tubes had sensitivity and specificity of 99% and 100%, respectively. The crude agreement observed with the results of the PaGIA-Chagas on plasma and serum was 99% and the Kappa index was 0.975 (CI95%: 0.782 - 1.000). CONCLUSION: PaGIA-Chagas for anti-T. cruzi detection on plasma collected with capillary tubes is accurate and might be indicated to reduce fieldwork time and materials in epidemiological screening of chronic Chagas disease. |
| PMID: 21045375 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 4. | Acta Trop. 2011 Jan;117(1):39-46. Epub 2010 Sep 29.Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma evansi from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt, a pilot study.Amer S, Ryu O, Tada C, Fukuda Y, Inoue N, Nakai Y.Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Field Centre studies, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-Onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan. AbstractAnimal trypanosomiasis is one of the major constraints of livestock industry in developing countries. In the present study, prevalence of Trypanosome evansi was assessed in the blood of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) brought to Al Bassatein abattoir, Cairo, Egypt, by mouse inoculation test out of 84 tested camels, 4 animals (4.7%) were infected. Molecular analysis was achieved by PCR amplification and sequence analysis of part of ribosomal RNA gene including 18S, ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 regions. Despite the conserved nature of 18S region, ITS region showed obvious heterogeneity compared to analogous sequences in database. Analysis of transferrin receptor encoding gene (ESAG6) showed variable repertoire in the studied isolates, which may indicate to a novel structure of T. evansi population from Egypt and/or a difference in host range. Furthermore, analysis of variable surface glycoprotein RoTat 1.2 gene marker revealed some heterogeneity at this gene locus. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular analysis of T. evansi in Egypt. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20887705 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 5. | Acta Trop. 2011 Jan;117(1):10-3. Epub 2010 Sep 19.Western blotting method (TESAcruzi) as a supplemental test for confirming the presen ce of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in finger prick blood samples from children aged 0-5 years in Brazil.Frade AF, Luquetti AO, Prata A, Ferreira AW.Institute of Tropical Medicine - São Paulo, University of São Paulo, Brazil. affrade@yahoo.com.br AbstractSome Latin American countries have plans for total control and/or eradication of Chagas disease by the main vector (Triatoma infestans) and by blood transfusion. To achieve this, patients with Chagas disease must be identified. A Western blotting test, TESAcruzi, is described as a supplemental test for diagnosis of Chagas disease using samples collected from children <5 years living in different states of Brazil. Blood samples collected by finger prick on filter paper were sent to the test laboratory by a central laboratory to confirm results obtained previously. Ten percent of negative samples, all doubtful and all positive samples were received. Commercial reagents, IgG indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, and a recently introduced TESAcruzi test were used. From 8788 samples, 163 (1.85%) were reactive by IgG-ELISA and 312 (3.55%) by IgG IIF. From these, 77 (0.87%) were reactive in the TESAcruzi test. The results had high clinical value to identify those truly infected. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20858452 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 6. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Jan;127(1):249-59. Epub 2010 Aug 9.Trypanosoma cruzi: multiple actin isovariants are observed along different deve lopmental stages.Cevallos AM, Segura-Kato YX, Merchant-Larios H, Manning-Cela R, Alberto Hernández-Osorio L, Márquez-Dueñas C, Ambrosio JR, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Hernández R.Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-228, México, DF, Mexico. amcevallos@biomedicas.unam.mx AbstractThe expression and biological role of actin during the Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle remains largely unknown. Polyclonal antibodies against a recombinant T. cruzi actin protein were used to confirm its expression in epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and amastigotes. Although the overall levels of expression were similar, clear differences in the subcellular distribution of actin among the developmental stages were identified. The existence of five actin variants in each developmental stage with distinct patterns of expression were uncovered by immunoblotting of protein extracts separated 2D-SDS gels. The isoelectric points of the actin variants in epimastigotes ranged from 4.45 to 4.9, whereas they ranged from 4.9 to 5.24 in trypomastigotes and amastigotes. To determine if the actin variants found could represent previously unidentified actins, we performed a genomic survey of the T.cruzi GeneDB database and found 12 independent loci encoding for a diverse group of actins and actin-like proteins that are conserved among trypanosomatids. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20705070 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Jan;127(1):173-7. Epub 2010 Jul 23.Trypanosoma evansi: adenosine deaminase activity in the brain of infected rats.Da Silva AS, Bellé LP, Bitencourt PE, Perez HA, Thomé GR, Costa MM, Oliveira CB, Teixeira MM, Moretto MB, Mazzanti CM, Lopes ST, Monteiro SG.Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil. aleksandro_ss@yahoo.com.br AbstractThe study was undertaken to evaluate changes in the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in brains of rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Each rat was intraperitoneally infected with 10(6) trypomastigotes either suspended in fresh (group A; n = 13) and cryopreserved blood (group B; n = 13). Thirteen animals were used as control (group C). ADA activity was estimated in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus. No differences (P > 0.05) in ADA activity were observed in the cerebellum between infected and non-infected animals. Significant (P < 0.05) reductions in ADA activity occurred in cerebral cortex in acutely (day 4 post-infection; PI) and chronically (day 20 PI) infected rats. ADA activity was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the hippocampus in acutely infected rats, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the chronically infected rats. Significant (P < 0.05) reductions in ADA activity occurred in the striatum of chronically infected rats. Parasites could be found in peripheral blood and brain tissue through microscopic examination and PCR assay, respectively, in acutely and chronically infected rats. The reduction of ADA activity in the brain was associated with high levels of parasitemia and anemia in acute infections. Alterations in ADA activity of the brain in T. evansi-infected rats may have implications for pathogenesis of the disease. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20655914 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 8. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Jan;127(1):308-12. Epub 2010 Jul 23.Genotype variation of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from different Brazilian biom es.Araújo CA, Waniek PJ, Xavier SC, Jansen AM.Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil. cacaraujo@hotmail.com AbstractChagas disease is an enzootic disease, in which the flagellate Trypanosoma cruzi infects a large variety of animals. Humans are accidentally infected due to the migration into wild environments. To identify T. cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs), 19 Brazilian isolates from different biomes and hosts were analyzed by PCR amplification of 24Sα rRNA, 18S rRNA and mini-exon gene sequences. The majority of the isolates was classified as TcIIb (TcII) but subtypes TcIIc (TcIII) and TcIId (TcV) were also identified. In addition, in monkeys TcI was detected. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20655911 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Jan;127(1):160-6. Epub 2010 Jul 18.Trypanosoma cruzi: insights into naphthoquinone effects on growth and proteinas e activity.Bourguignon SC, Cavalcanti DF, de Souza AM, Castro HC, Rodrigues CR, Albuquerque MG, Santos DO, da Silva GG, da Silva FC, Ferreira VF, de Pinho RT, Alves CR.Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil. AbstractIn this study we compared the effects of naphthoquinones (α-lapachone, β-lapachone, nor-β-lapachone and Epoxy-α-lap) on growth of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes forms, and on viability of VERO cells. In addition we also experimentally analyzed the most active compounds inhibitory profile against T. cruzi serine- and cysteine-proteinases activity and theoretically evaluated them against cruzain, the major T. cruzi cysteine proteinase by using a molecular docking approach. Our results confirmed β-lapachone and Epoxy-α-lap with a high trypanocidal activity in contrast to α-lapachone and nor-β-lapachone whereas Epoxy-α-lap presented the safest toxicity profile against VERO cells. Interestingly the evaluation of the active compounds effects against T. cruzi cysteine- and serine-proteinases activities revealed different targets for these molecules. β-Lapachone is able to inhibit the cysteine-proteinase activity of T. cruzi proteic whole extract and of cruzain, similar to E-64, a classical cysteine-proteinase inhibitor. Differently, Epoxy-α-lap inhibited the T. cruzi serine-proteinase activity, similar to PMSF, a classical serine-proteinase inhibitor. In agreement to these biological profiles in the enzymatic assays, our theoretical analysis showed that E-64 and β-lapachone interact with the cruzain specific S2 pocket and active site whereas Epoxy-α-lap showed no important interactions. Overall, our results infer that β-lapachone and Epoxy-α-lap compounds may inhibit T. cruzi epimastigotes growth by affecting T. cruzi different proteinases. Thus the present data shows the potential of these compounds as prototype of protease inhibitors on drug design studies for developing new antichagasic compounds. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 20647011 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Glycoconj J. 2010 Jul;27(5):549-59. Epub 2010 Jul 20.Synthesis of PEGylated lactose analogs for inhibition studies on T.cruzi trans-s ialidase.Giorgi ME, Ratier L, Agusti R, Frasch AC, de Lederkremer RM.CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina. AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, expresses a unique enzyme, the trans-sialidase (TcTS) involved in the transfer of sialic acid from host glycoconjugates to mucins of the parasite. The enzyme is shed to the medium and may affect the immune system of the host. We have previously described that lactose derivatives effectively inhibited the transfer of sialic acid to N-acetyllactosamine. Lactitol also prevented the apoptosis caused by the TcTS, although it is rapidly eliminated from the circulatory system. In this paper we report covalent conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with lactose, lactobionolactone and benzyl beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->6)-2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1) with the hope to improve the bioavailability, though retaining their inhibitory properties. Different conjugation methods have been used and the behavior of the PEGylated products in the TcTS reaction was studied. |
| PMID: 20645127 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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