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Sent on Thursday, 2011 May 05Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | PLoS One. 2011 Apr 26;6(4):e18900.High-Throughput Protein Expression Using a Combination of Ligation-Independent Cloning (LIC) and Infrared Fluorescent Protein (IFP) Detection.Dortay H, Akula UM, Westphal C, Sittig M, Mueller-Roeber B.SourceInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany. AbstractProtein expression in heterologous hosts for functional studies is a cumbersome effort. Here, we report a superior platform for parallel protein expression in vivo and in vitro. The platform combines highly efficient ligation-independent cloning (LIC) with instantaneous detection of expressed proteins through N- or C-terminal fusions to infrared fluorescent protein (IFP). For each open reading frame, only two PCR fragments are generated (with three PCR primers) and inserted by LIC into ten expression vectors suitable for protein expression in microbial hosts, including Escherichia coli, Kluyveromyces lactis, Pichia pastoris, the protozoon Leishmania tarentolae, and an in vitro transcription/translation system. Accumulation of IFP-fusion proteins is detected by infrared imaging of living cells or crude protein extracts directly after SDS-PAGE without additional processing. We successfully employed the LIC-IFP platform for in vivo and in vitro expression of ten plant and fungal proteins, including transcription factors and enzymes. Using the IFP reporter, we additionally established facile methods for the visualisation of protein-protein interactions and the detection of DNA-transcription factor interactions in microtiter and gel-free format. We conclude that IFP represents an excellent reporter for high-throughput protein expression and analysis, which can be easily extended to numerous other expression hosts using the setup reported here. |
| 2. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 May;84(5):692-4.Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania aethiopica with Liposomal Amphothericin B in an Immunocompromised Traveler Returning from Eritrea.Zanger P, Kötter I, Raible A, Gelanew T, Schönian G, Kremsner PG.SourceInstitut für Tropenmedizin, Medizinische Klinik, Onkologie, Hämatologie, Klinische Immunologie, Rheumatologie und Pulmonologie, und Medizinische Klinik, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektionskrankheiten Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany; Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AbstractAbstract. Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania aethiopica is rarely encountered outside disease-endemic areas and there have been no clinical trials evaluating its pharmacotherapy. We describe the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. aethiopica using liposomal amphothericin B in an immunocompromised traveler returning from Eritrea. |
| 3. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 May;84(5):688-91.Case Series of Misdiagnosis with rK39 Strip Test in Indian Leishmaniasis.Das NK, Singh SK, Ghosh S, Sarkar A, Mukhopadhyay D, Roy S, Ganguly DN, Barbhuiya JN, Saha B, Chatterjee M.SourceDepartment of Dermatology, Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata, India; Department of Tropical Medicine and Dermatology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India. AbstractAbstract. This report presents three cases where the rK39 strip test failed to diagnose two cases of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and one case of visceral leishmaniasis. However, a strong clinical suspicion prompted further evaluation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which established the etiology. The present case series highlights the usefulness of PCR in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. |
| 4. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 May;84(5):681-7.Identification of risk areas for visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, piaui state, Brazil.de Almeida AS, de Andrade Medronho R, Werneck GL.SourceInstituto de Medicina Social, Departamento de Epidemiologia, e Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AbstractAbstract. This study used spatial analysis to identify areas at greatest risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the urban area of Teresina, Brazil during 2001-2006. The results from kernel ratios showed that peripheral census tracts were the most heavily affected. Local spatial analysis showed that in the beginning of the study period local clusters of high incidence of VL were mostly located in the southern and northeastern parts of the city, but in subsequent years those clusters also appeared in the northern region of the city, suggesting that the pattern of VL is not static, and the disease may occasionally spread to other areas of the municipality. We also observed a spatial correlation between VL rates and all socioeconomic and demographic indicators evaluated (P < 0.01). The concentration of interventions in high-risk areas could be an effective strategy to control the disease in the urban setting. |
| 5. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 May;84(5):674-80.Leishmania (viannia) infection in the domestic dog in chaparral, Colombia.Santaella J, Ocampo CB, Saravia NG, Méndez F, Góngora R, Gomez MA, Munstermann LE, Quinnell RJ.SourceCentro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Department of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. AbstractAbstract. Peridomestic transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasingly reported and dogs may be a reservoir of Leishmania (Viannia) in this setting. We investigated the prevalence of infection in dogs in Chaparral County, Colombia, the focus of an epidemic of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis. Two (0.72%) of 279 dogs had lesions typical of cutaneous leishmaniasis that were biopsy positive by kinetoplast DNA polymerase chain reaction-Southern blotting. Seroprevalence was 2.2% (6 of 279) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Buffy coat and ear skin biopsy specimens were positive by polymerase chain reaction-Southern blotting in 7.3% (10 of 137) and 11.4% (12 of 105) of dogs, respectively. Overall 20% of dogs (21 of 105) showed positive results for one or more tests. Amplification and sequencing of the Leishmania 7SL RNA gene identified L. guyanensis in one dog and L. braziliensis in two dogs. No association was identified between the risk factors evaluated and canine infection. Dogs may contribute to transmission but their role in this focus appears to be limited. |
| 6. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 May;84(5):668-73.Hormonal disturbances in visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar).Araujo Lima Verde F, Agenor Araujo Lima Verde F, Neto AS, Almeida PC, Mendonça Lima Verde E.SourceInstituto de Nefrologia do Ceará (INECE), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Departament of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Statistic Department of Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. AbstractAbstract. This study presents a cross-sectional analysis of the hormonal alterations of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. The diagnosis was established by the bone marrow aspiration and polymerase chain reaction test. Primary adrenal insufficiency was observed in 45.8% of patients; low aldosterone/renin plasma ratio in 69.4%; low daily urinary aldosterone excretion in 61.1%; and low transtubular potassium gradient in 68.0%. All patients had normal plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations, hyponatremia, and high urinary osmolality. Plasma parathyroid hormone was low in 63%; hypomagnesemia was present in 46.4%, and increased Mg(++)(EF) in 100%. Primary thyroid insufficiency was observed in 24.6%, and secondary thyroid insufficiency in 14.1%. Normal follicle-stimulating hormone plasma levels were present in 81.4%; high luteinizing hormone and low testosterone plasma levels in 58.2% of men. There are evidences of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities, inappropriate aldosterone and ADH secretions, and presence of hypoparathyroidism, magnesium depletion, thyroid and testicular insufficiencies. |
| 7. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 May;84(5):662-667.Comparison of Insecticide-Treated Nets and Indoor Residual Spraying to Control the Vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh.Chowdhury R, Dotson E, Blackstock AJ, McClintock S, Maheswary NP, Faria S, Islam S, Akter T, Kroeger A, Akhter S, Bern C.SourceRegional Office for South-East Asia, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India; National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Mohakhali 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom. AbstractAbstract. Integrated vector management is a pillar of the South Asian visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination program, but the best approach remains a matter of debate. Sand fly seasonality was determined in 40 houses sampled monthly. The impact of interventions on Phlebotomus argentipes density was tested from 2006-2007 in a cluster-randomized trial with four arms: indoor residual spraying (IRS), insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), environmental management (EVM), and no intervention. Phlebotomus argentipes density peaked in March with the highest proportion of gravid females in May. The EVM (mud plastering of wall and floor cracks) showed no impact. The IRS and ITNs were associated with a 70-80% decrease in male and female P. argentipes density up to 5 months post intervention. Vector density rebounded by 11 months post-IRS, whereas ITN-treated households continued to show significantly lower density compared with households without intervention. Our data suggest that both IRS and ITNs may help to improve VL control in Bangladesh. |
| 8. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 May;84(5):653-61.Characterization of the Antibody Response to the Saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in People Living in Endemic Areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Marzouki S, Ben Ahmed M, Boussoffara T, Abdeladhim M, Aleya-Bouafif NB, Namane A, Hamida NB, Salah AB, Louzir H.SourceDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; LIVGM, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia; Institut Pasteur de Paris, Plate-forme de Protéomique, Paris, France. AbstractAbstract. Important data obtained in mice raise the possibility that immunization against the saliva of sand flies could protect from leishmaniasis. Sand fly saliva stimulates the production of specific antibodies in individuals living in endemic areas of parasite transmission. To characterize the humoral immune response against the saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in humans, we carried out a prospective study on 200 children living in areas of Leishmania major transmission. We showed that 83% of donors carried anti-saliva IgG antibodies, primarily of IgG4 isotype. Positive sera reacted differentially with seven salivary proteins. The protein PpSP30 was prominently recognized by all the sera. The salivary proteins triggered the production of various antibody isotypes. Interestingly, the immunodominant PpSP30 was recognized by all IgG subclasses, whereas PpSP12 was not by IgG4. Immunoproteomic analyses may help to identify the impact of each salivary protein on the L. major infection and to select potential vaccine candidates. |
| 9. | Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print]Cytotoxicity and inhibition of platelet aggregation caused by an l-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops leucurus venom.Naumann GB, Silva LF, Silva L, Faria G, Richardson M, Evangelista K, Kohlhoff M, Gontijo CM, Navdaev A, de Rezende FF, Eble JA, Sanchez EF.SourceResearch and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-0103, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. AbstractBACKGROUND:Multifunctional l-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) occur widely in snake venoms. METHODS:The l-AAO from Bothrops leucurus (Bl-LAAO) venom was purified using a combination of molecular exclusion and ion-exchange chromatographies. We report some biochemical features of Bl-LAAO associated with its effect on platelet function and its cytotoxicity. RESULTS:Bl-LAAO is a 60kDa monomeric glycoprotein. Its N-terminal sequence shows high homology to other members of the snake-venom LAAO family. Bl-LAAO catalyzes oxidative deamination of l-amino acids with the generation of H(2)O(2). The best substrates were: l-Met, l-Norleu, l-Leu, l-Phe and l-Trp. The effects of snake venom LAAOs in hemostasis, especially their action on platelet function remain largely unknown. Bl-LAAO dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation of both human PRP and washed platelets. Moreover, the purified enzyme exhibited a killing effect in vitro against Leishmania sp., promastigotes, with a very low EC(50) of 0.07μM. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of Bl-LAAO was observed in the stomach cancer MKN-45, adeno carcinoma HUTU, colorectal RKO and human fibroblast LL-24 cell lines. The enzyme released enough H(2)O(2) in culture medium to induce apoptosis in cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The biological effects were inhibited by catalase. CONCLUSION:Bl-LAAO, a major component of B. leucurus venom, is a cytotoxin acting primarily via the generation of high amounts of H(2)O(2) which kill the cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE:These results allow us to consider the use of LAAOs as anticancer agents, as tools in biochemical studies to investigate cellular processes, and to obtain a better understanding of the envenomation mechanism. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
| 10. | J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2011 May 3. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2011.07696.x. [Epub ahead of print]Research in practice: Different dendritic cell types in skin with various functions - important implications for intradermal vaccines.von Stebut E.SourceDepartment of Der matology, University of Mainz, Germany. AbstractIt was long believed that epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are responsible for the initiation of cellular immunity. Only recently it has been shown that in skin alone 5 different subtypes of dendritic cells (DC) can be identified. Among these, LC, but also two Langerin-expressing dermal DC populations and two more Langerin-negative DC subtypes exist. Novel findings in the model disease leishmaniasis, as well as evidence from research in contact hypersensitivity, have revealed that activation of LC in skin leads to induction of regulatory, immunosuppressive T cells, whereas the other skin DC subtypes stimulate effector T cells. Thus, when producing vaccines designed for intradermal use, it would seem advisable to attempt to activate dermal DC subtypes while avoiding activation of epidermal LC. © The Authors • Journal compilation © Blackwell Verlag GmbH, Berlin. |
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