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Sent on Friday, 2011 May 27Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Parasitol Res. 2011 May 26. [Epub ahead of print]Anti-malarial, anti-trypanosomal, and anti-leishmanial activities of jacaranone isolated from Pentacalia desiderabilis (Vell.) Cuatrec. (Asteraceae).Morais TR, Romoff P, Fávero OA, Reimão JQ, Lourenço WC, Tempone AG, Hristov AD, Di Santi SM, Lago JH, Sartorelli P, Ferreira MJ.SourceCentro de Ciências e Humanidades e Centro de Ciências Biológias e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. AbstractLeishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and malaria affect the poorest population around the world, with an elevated mortality and morbidity. In addition, the therapeutic alternatives are usually toxic or ineffective drugs especially those against the trypanosomatids. In the course of selection of new anti-protozoal compounds from Brazilian flora, the CH(2)C(l2) phase from MeOH extract obtained from the leaves of Pentacalia desiderabilis (Vell.) Cuatrec. (Asteraceae) showed in vitro anti-leishmanial, anti-malarial, and anti-trypanosomal activities. The chromatographic fractionation of the CH(2)Cl(2) phase led to the isolation of the bioactive compound, which was characterized as jacaranone [methyl (1-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexandienyl)acetate], by spectroscopic methods. This compound showed activity against promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) chagasi, Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, and Leishmania (L.). amazonensis showing an IC(50) of 17.22, 12.93, and 11.86 μg/mL, respectively. Jacaranone was also tested in vitro against the Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant parasites (K1 strain) showing an IC(50) of 13 and 7.82 μg/mL, respectively, and was 3.5-fold more effective than benznidazole in anti-Trypanosoma cruzi assay. However, despite of the potential against promatigotes forms, this compound was not effective against amastigotes of L. (L.) chagasi and T. cruzi. The cytotoxicity study using Kidney Rhesus monkey cells, demonstrated that jacaranone showed selectivity against P. falciparum (21.75 μg/mL) and a selectivity index of 3. The obtained results suggested that jacaranone, as other similar secondary metabolites or synthetic analogs, might be useful tolls for drug design for in vivo studies against protozoan diseases. |
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| 2. | J Clin Microbiol. 2011 May 25. [Epub ahead of print]An unusual case of Amphotericin B refractoriness in Visceral Leishmaniasis from a non-endemic region of India.Srivastava P, Prajapati VK, Rai M, Sundar S.SourceInfectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India. AbstractA patient with visceral leishmaniasis showing inadequate response to amphotericin-B belonging to non-endemic region is reported, with L. donovani showing increased tolerance to amphotericin-B in vivo. Four SNPs, detected in the cysteine proteinase B gene, resulted in changes to the deduced amino acid sequence: Valine→Alanine, Arginine→Leucine. Over and under expression of protein/s was observed in 65-80 kDa range and 20 kDa, respectively. |
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| 3. | Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 May 25. [Epub ahead of print]Localized Leishmanial Lymphadenopathy: An Unusual Manifestation of Leishmaniasis in a Traveler in Southern Europe.Ignatius R, Loddenkemper C, Woitzik J, Schneider T, Harms G.Source1 Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany . AbstractAbstract A 38-year-old male patient presented with enlarged nuchal and sinistral supraclavicular lymph nodes of about 1-month history. He had no further signs or symptoms of disease and was not immunocompromised. His travel history included India, South America, and Africa but only southern Europe during more recent years. Leishmania parasites were histologically detected in a lymph node and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, the causative species of leishmaniasis in the European Mediterranean area, was identified by PCR and sequencing. Leishmanial infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of localized lymph node enlargement in returnees from endemic countries including southern Europe. |
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| 4. | J Liposome Res. 2011 May 25. [Epub ahead of print]Mannosylated liposomes bearing Amphotericin B for e ffective management of visceral Leishmaniasis.Rathore A, Jain A, Gulbake A, Shilpi S, Khare P, Jain A, Jain SK.SourcePharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, India. AbstractThe cationic and mannosylated liposomes were prepared using the cast film method and compared for their antileishmaniasis activity. The surface of the Amphotericin B (Amp B)-bearing cationic multilamellar liposomes was covalently coupled with p-aminophenyl-α-D-mannoside using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, which was confirmed by agglutination of the vesicles with concanavalin A. The prepared liposomes were characterized for shape, size, percent drug entrapment, vesicle count, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release. Vesicle sizes of cationic and mannosylated liposomes were found to be 2.32 ± 0.23 and 2.69 ± 0.13 µm, respectively. Zeta potential of cationic liposomes was higher (30.38 ± 0.3 mV), as compared to mannosylated liposomes (17.7 ± 0.8 mV). Percentage drug release from cationic and mannose-coupled liposomes was found to be 45.7% ± 3.1 and 41.9% ± 2.8, respectively, after 24 hours. The in vivo antileishmanial activity was performed on Leishmania donovani-infected golden hamster, and results revealed that Amp B solution was reduced by 42.5 ± 1.8% in the parasite load, whereas the placebo cationic liposomes and drug-containing cationic liposomes showed a reduced parasite load (i.e., 28.1 ± 1.5 and 61.2 ± 3.2%, respectively). The mannose-coupled liposomes showed a maximum reduction in parasite load (i.e., 78.8 ± 3.9%). The biodistribution study clearly showed the higher uptake of mannosylated liposomes in the liver and spleen and hence the active targeting to the reticular endothelial system, which, in turn, would provide a direct attack of the drug to the site where the pathogen resides, rendering the other organs free and safe from the toxic manifestations of the drug. |
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| 5. | J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2010 Dec;81(4):219-23.Prevalence of mixed Trypanosoma congolense infections in livestock and tsetse in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Gillingwater K, Mamabolo MV, Majiwa PA.SourceAgricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa. AbstractTrypanosoma congolense causes the most economically important animal trypanosomosis in Africa. In South Africa, a rinderpest pandemic of the 1890s removed many host animals, resulting in the near-eradication of most tsetse species. Further suppression was achieved through spraying with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT); however, residual populations of Glossina austeni and G. brevipalpis remained in isolated pockets. A total of 506 of these tsetse flies were captured in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, the St Lucia Wetland Park and Boomerang commercial farm. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the infection rate and frequency of mixed infections of these flies. Additionally, 473 blood samples were collected from cattle at communal diptanks and a commercial farm in the area and each one examined by the haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT). Furthermore, buffy coats from these blood samples were spotted onto FTA Elute cards and the DNA extracted from each one tested using 3 separate PCRs. The HCT revealed the presence of trypanosomes in only 6.6% of the blood samples; by contrast, species-specific PCR detected trypanosome DNA in 50% of the samples. The species-specific PCR detected trypanosome DNA in 17% of the tsetse flies, compared with the nested PCR targeting rDNA which detected trypanosome DNA in only 14% of the samples. Over time, the transmission of Savannah-type T. congolense and Kilifi-type T. congolense as mixed infections could have an impact on disease manifestation in different hosts in the area. |
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