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Sent on Friday, 2011 Jul 29Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Phytother Res. 2011 Aug;25(8):1246-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3404. Epub 2011 Feb 1.Antiparasitic Activity of C-Geranyl Flavonoids from Mimulus bigelovii.Salem MM, Capers J, Rito S, Werbovetz KA.SourceDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt; Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA. salem.17@osu.edu. AbstractBioactivity-directed fractionation of the MeOH fraction of the extract of Mimulus bigelovii by means of an axenic Leishmania amastigote assay and chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of four C-geranyl flavanones, diplacone (1), 3'-O-methyldiplacone (2), 4'-O-methyldiplacone (3), 3'-O-methyldiplacol (4), together with a geranylated flavone, cannflavin A (5). These compounds were separated from M. bigelovii for the first time. All compounds showed moderate antileishmanial activity against axenic Leishmania donovani amastigotes with IC(50) values ranging from 4.8 to 14.6 μg/mL. The compounds were also tested against the related kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei and they showed activity with IC(50) values ranging from 1.4 to 7.2 μg/mL. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| 2. | J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 27. [Epub ahead of print]Structure and function of a "yellow" protein from saliva of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis that confers protective immunity against Leishmania major infection.Xu X, Oliveira F, Chang BW, Collin N, Gomes R, Teixeira C, Reynoso D, Pham VM, Elnaiem DE, Kamhawi S, Ribeiro JM, Valenzuela JG, Andersen JF.SourceNIH/NIAID, United States. AbstractLJM11, an abundant salivary protein from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, belongs to the insect yellow family of proteins. In this study, we immunized mice with 17 plasmids encoding Lu. longiplapis salivary proteins and demonstrated that LJM11 confers protective immunity against Leishmania major infection. This protection correlates with a strong induction of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response following exposure to Lu. longipalpis saliva. Additionally, splenocytes of exposed mice produce IFN-γ upon stimulation with LJM11 demonstrating the systemic induction of Th1 immunity by this protein. In contrast to LJM11, LJM111, another yellow protein from Lu. longipalpis saliva, does not produce a DTH response in these mice, suggesting that structural or functional features specific to LJM11 are important for the induction of a robust DTH response. To examine these features, we used calorimetric analysis to probe a possible ligand binding function for the salivary yellow proteins. Both LJM11, LJM111 and LJM17 acted as high affinity binders of prohemostatic and proinflammatory biogenic amines, particularly serotonin, catecholamines and histamine. We also determined the crystal structure of LJM11, revealing a six-bladed β-propeller fold with a single ligand binding pocket located in the central part of the propeller structure on one face of the molecule. A hypothetical model of LJM11 suggests a positive electrostatic potential on the face containing entry to the ligand binding pocket while LJM111 is negative to neutral over its entire surface. This may be the reason for differences in antigenicity between the two proteins. |
| 3. | Parasit Vectors. 2011 Jul 27;4(1):150. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmania infantum HSP70-II null mutant as candidate vaccine against leishmaniasis: a preliminary evaluation.Carrion J, Folgueira C, Soto M, Fresno M, Requena JM.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and no effective vaccine exists. The use of live attenuated vaccines is emerging as a promising vaccination strategy. RESULTS:In this study, we tested the ability of a Leishmania infantum deletion mutant, lacking both HSP70-II alleles (DeltaHSP70-II), to provide protection against Leishmania infection in the L. major-BALB/c infection model. Administration of the mutant line by either intraperitoneal, intravenous or subcutaneous route invariably leads to the production of high levels of NO and the development in mice of type 1 immune responses, as determined by analysis of anti-Leishmania IgG subclasses. In addition, we have shown that DeltaHSP70-II would be a safe live vaccine as immunodeficient SCID mice, and hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), infected with mutant parasites did not develop any sign of pathology. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that the DeltaHSP70-II mutant is a promising and safe vaccine, but further studies in more appropriate animal models (hamsters and dogs) are needed to appraise whether this attenuate mutant would be useful as vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis. |
| 4. | Parasite Immunol. 2011 Jul 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01321.x. [Epub ahead of print]Contribution of human neutrophils in the development of protective immune response during in vitro Leishmania major infection.Safaiyan S, Bolhassani A, Nylen S, Akuffo H, Rafati S.SourceMolecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Department of Microbiology, Tumors and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. AbstractStimulation of neutrophils may potentiate immunity to Leishmania major. CpG containing oligodeoxinucleotide (ODN) have immune stimulatory effects and have been suggested as adjuvants and therapeutics to potentiate efficacy of vaccines and treatments against leishmaniasis. Here, we examined the stimulatory effect of synthetic ODN containing CpG motifs class A and B on cytokine production by neutrophils. Neutrophils from healthy donors responded to CpG-ODN type A, but not to class B, with secretion of IL-8 and following GM-CSF pretreatment with TNF-α production. To test if neutrophil responses were altered in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and to better understand the role of neutrophils in susceptibility and resistance to disease, we evaluated cytokine responses in GM-CSF pre-conditioned neutrophils from asymptomatic (Leishmanin skin test positive, LST+) and non-healing CL individuals to CpG-ODN class A and assessed the expression levels of TLR2, 4 and 9. LST+ and healthy donor, but not non-healing CL neutrophils responded with TNF-α secretion. Neutrophils from non-healing CL, displayed increased mRNA expression levels of TLR2, 4 and 9 compared to neutrophils from LST+ or healthy donors. Therefore, failure to cure CL is associated with reduced ability of neutrophils to secrete TNF-α and correlates with high TLR 2, 4 and 9 expressions. Copyright © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
| 5. | Parasite Immunol. 2011 Jul 27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01320.x. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmania infantum LeIF and its recombinant polypeptides modulate interleukin IL-12p70, IL-10 and Tumor necrosis factor-α production by human monocytes.Barhoumi M, Garnaoui A, Kaabi B, Kyle Tanner N, Guizani I.SourceLaboratoire d'Epidémiologie et d'Ecologie Parasitaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvedère, Tunisia. Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Vaccinologie et Génétique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis-Belvedère, Tunisia. Département de Microbiologie et Médecine Moléculaire Centre Médical Universitaire, Genève, Switzerland. AbstractLeIF antigen, a Leishmania protein, was shown to induce IL-12, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by human monocytes-derived macrophages and dendritic cells from healthy individuals. This cytokine-inducing activity was previously found to be located in the amino-terminal region of LeIF protein. This study aimed at characterizing the cytokine-inducing activity of L. infantum LeIF (LieIF) and at defining the fragments necessary for inducing cytokine secretion. Eleven rationally-designed recombinant polypeptides, corresponding to the entire LeIF protein or parts of it, were expressed and used to stimulate monocytes from healthy individuals. LieIF was able to induce IL-12p70, IL-10 and TNF-α secretion in human monocytes. In addition, both amino- (1-226) and carboxyl-terminal (196-403) parts of the protein were shown to induce significant levels of the three cytokines analyzed. However, IL-12p70-inducing activity was not significant when monocytes were stimulated with the fragments 129-226 and 129-261, inferring that IL-12p70 inducing activity was primarily located within amino acids 1-129 and 261-403. Although the full-length LieIF protein was a more potent inducer than the tested fragments, a significant cytokine-inducing activity was maintained in smaller amino acid regions. This work suggests that cytokine-inducing activity of LieIF or its parts could be exploited in vaccination or immunotherapy protocols. Copyright © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
| 6. | J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Jun;64(6):1135-46. Epub 2011 Feb 3.Dermatoscopy: alternative uses in daily clinical practice.Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Massimino D, Schwartz RA.SourceDermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. cldermct@nti.it AbstractDermatoscopy, also known as dermoscopy, epiluminescence microscopy, or surface microscopy, is a noninvasive technique allowing rapid and magnified (× 10) in vivo observation of the skin with the visualization of morphologic features often imperceptible to the naked eye. Videodermatoscopy (VD) represents the evolution of dermatoscopy and is performed with a video camera equipped with lenses providing higher magnification (× 10 to × 1000). Over the past few years, both dermatoscopy and VD have been demonstrated to be useful in a wide variety of cutaneous disorders, including ectoparasitic infestations, cutaneous/mucosal infections, hair and nail abnormalities, psoriasis, and other dermatologic as well as cosmetologic conditions. Depending on the skin disorder, both dermatoscopy and VD may be useful for differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and monitoring response to treatment. Nowadays, it represents an important and relatively simple aid in daily clinical practice. Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. |
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