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Sent on Saturday, 2011 Aug 20Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23518. Epub 2011 Aug 10.Identification and phylogenetic analysis of heme synthesis genes in trypanosomatids and their bacterial endosymbionts.Alves JM, Voegtly L, Matveyev AV, Lara AM, da Silva FM, Serrano MG, Buck GA, Teixeira MM, Camargo EP.SourceDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America. AbstractIt has been known for decades that some insect-infecting trypanosomatids can survive in culture without heme supplementation while others cannot, and that this capability is associated with the presence of a betaproteobacterial endosymbiont in the flagellate's cytoplasm. However, the specific mechanisms involved in this process remained obscure. In this work, we sequence and phylogenetically analyze the heme pathway genes from the symbionts and from their hosts, as well as from a number of heme synthesis-deficient Kinetoplastida. Our results show that the enzymes responsible for synthesis of heme are encoded on the symbiont genomes and produced in close cooperation with the flagellate host. Our evidence suggests that this synergistic relationship is the end result of a history of extensive gene loss and multiple lateral gene transfer events in different branches of the phylogeny of the Trypanosomatidae. |
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| 2. | Vet Parasitol. 2011 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]Vector-borne parasitic zoonoses: Emerging scenarios and new perspectives.Colwell DD, Dantas-Torres F, Otranto D.SourceAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. AbstractChanging climate is not the only driver for alterations in the dynamic interaction between arthropod vectors of zoonotic parasites and their hosts, including humans. A suite of other factors ranging from urbanization and deforestation to changing demographics in both developing and developed countries, the impact of the recent economic crisis, increased global movement of people and animals and follow-on effects of major catastrophes. This article reviews the most important vector-borne parasites of zoonotic concern that are changing/expanding their distribution patterns in both endemic and/or previously non-endemic areas. We include the discussion of the changing aspects of malaria, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, Chagas disease as well as of some spirurid and filarioid nematodes. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
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| 3. | Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 Jun 20. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03610.x. [Epub ahead of print]Visceral leishmaniasis: immunology and prospects for a vaccine.Kaye PM, Aebischer T.SourceCentre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany. AbstractClin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is the most severe clinical form of a spectrum of neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Caused mainly by L. donovani and L. infantum/chagasi, HVL accounts for more than 50 000 deaths every year. Drug therapy is available but costly, and resistance against several drug classes has evolved. Here, we review our current understanding of the immunology of HVL and approaches to and the status of vaccine development against this disease. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. |
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| 4. | Parasite Immunol. 2011 Aug 18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01328.x. [Epub ahead of print]Enrichment of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in the Bone Marrow of Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients.Rai AK, Thakur CP, Seth T, Mitra DK.SourceDepartment of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India-110029 Balaji Utthan Sansthan, Uma Complex, Fraser Road, Patna, Bihar, India Department of Hematology, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India-110029. AbstractLipid antigens of Leishmania donovani like lipophosphoglycans are shown as a potent ligand for the activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. It is reported that activation of iNKT cells augments the disease pathology in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In the present study, we demonstrate enrichment of iNKT cells in the bone marrow, one of the disease sites among VL patients. Copyright © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
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| 5. | J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2011 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print]Pistagremic acid a new leishmanicidal triterpene isolated from Pistacia integerrima Stewart.Uddin G, Rauf A, Arfan M, Waliullah, Khan I, Ali M, Taimur M, Ur-Rehman I, Samiullah.SourceInstitute of Chemical Sciences, Centre for Phytomedicine & Medicinal Organic Chemistry, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan. AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate the whole plant of Pistacia integerrima Stewart in order to examine the pharmacological basis of the use of the plant in folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases and disorder. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies led to the isolation of a new triterpene pistagremic acid (3-methyl-7-(4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3-2,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-oct-3-enoic). Pistagremic acid showed significant leishmanicidal activity (IC(50): 6.71 ± 0.09 µM) against Leishmania major (DESTO) promastigotes in comparison to standard compound amphotericin B (IC(50): 0.21 ± 0.06 µM). |
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| 6. | J Med Chem. 2011 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print]Dihydroquinazolines as a Novel Class of <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> Trypanothione Reductase Inhibitors: Discovery, Synthesis and Characterization of their Binding Mode by Protein Crystallography.Patterson S, Alphey MS, Jones DC, Shanks EJ, Street IP, Frearson JA, Wyatt PG, Gilbert IH, Fairlamb AH.AbstractTrypanothione reductase (TryR) is a genetically validated drug target in the parasite <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> , the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis. Here, we report the discovery, synthesis and development of a novel series of TryR inhibitors based on a 3,4-dihydroquinazoline scaffold. In addition, a high resolution crystal structure of TryR, alone and in complex with substrates and inhibitors from this series is presented. This represents the first report of a high resolution complex between a non-covalent ligand and this enzyme. Structural studies revealed that upon ligand binding the enzyme undergoes a conformational change to create a new sub-pocket which is occupied by an aryl group on the ligand. Therefore, the inhibitor in effect, creates its own small binding pocket within the otherwise large, solvent exposed active site. The TryR-ligand structure was subsequently used to guide the synthesis of inhibitors, including analogs that challenged the induced sub-pocket. This resulted in the development of inhibitors with improved potency against both TryR and <i>T. brucei</i> parasites in a whole cell assay. |
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| 7. | Pak J Biol Sci. 2010 Aug 15;13(16):775-84.Molecular cloning, characterization and overexpression of a novel cyclin from Leishmania mexicana.Ali NO, Ibrahim ME, Grant KM, Mottram JC.SourceWellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Anderson College, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. AbstractWe are reporting here, the cloning and characterization of the first cyclin from Leishmania mexicana. We have identified a cyclin-like motif from the L. major genome sequencing project. A cyclin homologue was cloned and sequenced from L. mexicana genome and it showed 96.1% amino acid identity with the putative L. major cyclin. It has also sequence identity to mitotic cyclins from other organisms. Southern analysis showed that it is present as a single copy gene. CYCa has been over-expressed in E. coli as a histidine fusion and western blot has confirmed the immunoreactive property of the recombinant cyclin, which then used to reconstitute active recombinant L. mexicana CRK3. No phosphorylation of histone HI was detected by both wild type and mutated CRK3 on the activation assays suggesting that phosphorylation status and cyclin binding are important for reconstituting protein kinase activity. The results confirm that we have isolated a cyclin molecule from L. mexicana (LmCYCa) which may play an important role in the regulation of the parasite cell cycle. |
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