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Sent on Friday, 2011 Aug 19Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Parasitol Res. 2011 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print]Detection of Leishmania donovani infection using magnetic beads-based serum peptide profiling by MALDI-TOF MS in mice model.Li L, Li J, Jin H, Shang L, Li B, Wei F, Liu Q.SourceLaboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, 666 Liuying Xilu, Changchun, 130122, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China. AbstractLeishmaniasis is an important parasitic disease, and definite diagnosis using a specific and sensitive method is the first step to cure the disease. Here, we present a novel diagnostic strategy based on serum peptide profiling by magnetic beads and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The serum peptides from the Leishmani donovani-infected and healthy mice were enriched by the optimized magnetic beads. The mass spectrograms were acquired by MALDI-TOF MS and analyzed by the ClinProTools bioinformatics software from Bruker Daltonics. The diagnostic model of serum peptide profiling produced by the ClinProTools software could correctly detect L. donovani infection in mice from the third day post-infection, with the accuracy of 94.1%, sensitivity of 92.4%, and specificity of 97.1%, respectively. The results of the present study suggested that the serum peptide profiling by MALDI-TOF MS is a novel potential tool for the clinical diagnosis of leishmaniasis. |
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| 2. | Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 Jun 10. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03596.x. [Epub ahead of print]Travel-related imported infections i n Europe, EuroTravNet 2009.Odolini S, Parola P, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Caumes E, Schlagenhauf P, López-Vélez R, Burchard GD, Santos-O'Connor F, Weld L, von Sonnenburg F, Field V, de Vries P, Jensenius M, Loutan L, Castelli F.SourceInstitute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Nord, AP-HM, Marseille, France Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Infectious Diseases Department, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hopital Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France University of Zurich Centre for Travel Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Disease Department, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tropical Medicine and Bernhard-Nocht Outpatient Department, Hamburg, Germany European Centres for Disease Control, Stockolm, Sweden ISTM/GeoSentinel Statician Consultant, Victoria, BC, Canada Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University of Munich, Munich, Germany InterHealth and National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC), London, UK Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Division of International and Humanitarian Health, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. AbstractClin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate travel-associated morbidity in European travellers in 2009 in comparison with 2008, with a particular emphasis on emerging infectious diseases with the potential for introduction into Europe. Diagnoses with demographic, clinical and travel-related predictors of disease from ill returning travelers presenting to 12 core EuroTravNet sites from January to December 2009 were analysed. A total of 6392 patients were seen at EuroTravNet core sites in 2009, as compared with 6957 in 2008. As compared with 2008, there was a marked increase in the number of travellers exposed in North America and western Europe. Respiratory illnesses, in particular pandemic A(H1N1) influenza, influenza-like syndromes, and tuberculosis, were also observed more frequently. A significant increase in reported dengue cases in 2009 as compared with 2008 was observed (n = 172, 2.7% vs. n = 131, 1.90%) (p 0.002). The numbers of malaria and chikungunya cases were also increasing, although not significantly. Two deaths were recorded: visceral leishmaniasis and sepsis in a Sudanese migrant, and Acinetobacter sp. pneumonia in a patient who had visited Spain. This is the most comprehensive study of travel-related illness in Europe in 2009 as compared with 2008. A significant increase in travel-related respiratory and vector-borne infections was observed, highlighting the potential risk for introduction of these diseases into Europe, where competent vectors are present. The number of traveller deaths is probably underestimated. The possible role of the travellers in the emergence of infectious diseases of public health concern is highlighted. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. |
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| 3. | Dis Aquat Organ. 2011 Jun 16;95(2):153-61.Soft tunic syndrome in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi is caused by a kinetoplastid protist.Kumagai A, Suto A, Ito H, Tanabe T, Song JY, Kitamura S, Hirose E, Kamaishi T, Miwa S.SourceMiyagi Prefecture Fisheries Technology Institute, Ishinomaki, Miyagi 986-2135, Japan. kumagai-ak557@pref.miyagi.jp AbstractAn etiological study was conducted to clarify whether the flagellate-like cells found in histological preparations of the tunic of diseased Halocynthia roretzi (Drasche) were the causative agent of soft tunic syndrome in this ascidian. When pieces of softened diseased tunic were incubated overnight in sterile seawater, live flagellated cells, which were actively swimming in the seawater, were observed in 47 out of 61 diseased ascidians (77%), but not in moribund or abnormal individuals with normal tunics (n = 36) nor in healthy animals (n = 19). The flagellate was morphologically very similar to those observed in histological sections of the diseased tunic. By contrast, flagellates were not found in tunic pieces of healthy, moribund, and abnormal individuals that did not exhibit softening of the tunic. Light and electron microscopy revealed that the flagellate has polykinetoplastic mitochondria with discoidal cristae. The cytomorphologies of the flagellate were the same as those of the flagellate-like cells in the diseased tunic. We cultured the flagellate from the softened tunic in vitro and confirmed that the tunics of healthy ascidians, which were immersion-challenged with suspensions of the subcultured flagellates, became softened 17 d after exposure, including the final 12 d in aerated, running seawater. The occurrence of flagellates was also confirmed by incubating pieces of soft tunic from experimentally infected animals in seawater overnight. These results indicate that the flagellate is the causative agent of soft tunic syndrome. |
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| 4. | Parasitol Res. 2011 Aug 17. [Epub ahead of print]The effect of verapami l on in vitro susceptibility of promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania tropica to meglumine antimoniate.Shokri A, Sharifi I, Khamesipour A, Nakhaee N, Fasihi Harandi M, Nosratabadi J, Hakimi Parizi M, Barati M.SourceSchool of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, 761-6666367, Bandarabbas, Iran. AbstractPentavalent antimonials are the standard treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with low efficacy and resistance is emerging. CL is increased significantly in respect to incidence rate and expanding to new foci. In the present study, the effect of verapamil on in vitro susceptibility of promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania tropica to meglumine antimoniate (MA, Glucantime) was evaluated using colorimetric assay (MTT) and in a macrophage model, respectively. Verapamil, as a calcium channel blocker, affects drug uptake by preventing of drug efflux from the cells. In promastigote form, several concentrations of MA with or without verapamil showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in optical density. The overall mean IC(50) value with combination of MA plus verapamil (IC50 = 116.03 μg/ml) was significantly less than MA (IC50 = 225.14 μg/ml) alone (P < 0.05) for promastigote stage. Similarly, the amastigote stage was more susceptible to treatment with MA plus verapamil to that of MA alone (P < 0.05). Analysis of overall effect of different concentrations of MA alone, compared with combination of MA plus verapamil by mean infection rate of amastigotes in each macrophage showed a significant difference (P < 0.05).These findings indicated some degree of synergistic effects between MA and verapamil on in vitro susceptibility of L. tropica to MA. Further works are required to evaluate this synergistic effect on animal model or volunteer human subjects. |
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| 5. | FASEB J. 2011 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print]Human cutaneous leishmaniasis: interferon-dependent expression of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) via TLR2.de Carvalho Vivarini A, Pereira RD, Dias Teixeira KL, Calegari-Silva TC, Bellio M, Laurenti MD, Corbett CE, de Castro Gomes CM, Soares RP, Mendes Silva A, Silveira FT, Lopes UG.Source*Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, and. AbstractWe investigated the type I interferon (IFN-1)/PKR axis in the outcome of the Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection, along with the underlying mechanisms that trigger and sustain this signaling pathway. Reporter assays of cell extracts from RAW-264.7 macrophages infected with L. (L.) amazonensis or HEK-293T cells cotransfected with TLR2 and PKR promoter constructions were employed. Primary macrophages of TLR2-knockout (KO) or IFNR-KO mice were infected, and the levels of PKR, IFN-1, and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) transcript levels were investigated and compared. Immunohistochemical analysis of human biopsy lesions was evaluated for IFN-1 and PKR-positive cells. Leishmania infection increased the expression of PKR and IFN-β on induction of PKR-promoter activity. The observed effects required the engagement of TLR2. TLR2-KO macrophages expressed low IFN-β and PKR levels postinfection with a reduced parasite load. We also revealed the requirement of PKR signaling for Leishmania-induced IFN-1 expression, responsible for sustaining PKR expression and enhancing infection. Moreover, during infection, SOD1 transcripts increased and were also enhanced when IFN-1 was added to the cultures. Remarkably, SOD1 expression was abrogated in infected, dominant-negative PKR-expressing cells. Finally, lesions of patients with anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibited higher levels of PKR/IFN-1-expressing cells compared to those with single cutaneous leishmaniasis. In summary, we demonstrated the mechanisms and relevance of the IFN-1/PKR axis in the Leishmania infection.-De Carvalho Vivarini, A., Pereira, R. M. S., Dias Teixeira, K. L., Calegari-Silva, T. C., Bellio, M., Laurenti, M. D., Corbett, C. E. P., de Castro Gomes, C. M., Soares, R. P., Mendes Silva, A., Silveira, F. T., Lopes, U. G. Human cutaneous leishmaniasis: interferon-dependent expression of double-stranded RNA-kinase (PKR) via TLR2. |
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| 6. | J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print]Uptake of the antileishmania drug tafenoquine follows a sterol-dependent diffusion process in Leishmania.Manzano JI, Carvalho L, García-Hernández R, Poveda JA, Ferragut JA, Castanys S, Gamarro F.SourceInstituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', CSIC (IPBLN-CSIC), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain. AbstractObjectives The present study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of tafenoquine uptake in Leishmania and its sterol dependence. Methods Because tafenoquine is a fluorescent compound, spectrofluorimetric analysis allowed us to monitor its uptake by Leishmania promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, and to evaluate the effect of temperature, energy and H(+) gradient on drug entry. The influence of sterols on tafenoquine uptake in Leishmania parasites was determined in experiments using sterol-depleting agents such as methyl-β-cyclodextrin or cholesterol oxidase. Results Tafenoquine exhibited fast entry kinetics into Leishmania in an energy-independent, but pH- and temperature-dependent, non-saturable process. Furthermore, sterol depletion decreased tafenoquine uptake. Conclusions These findings suggest that Leishmania takes up tafenoquine by a diffusion process and that decreases in membrane sterol content may induce a decrease in drug uptake. |
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| 7. | Vet Parasitol. 2011 Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print]A review of parasitic zoonoses in a changing Southeast Asia.Conlan JV, Sripa B, Attwood S, Newton PN.SourceSchool of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA, Australia. AbstractParasitic zoonoses are common and widely distributed in the Southeast Asian region. However, the interactions between parasites, hosts and vectors are influenced by environmental, socio-cultural and livestock production changes that impact on the distribution, prevalence and severity of disease. In this review we provide an update on new knowledge in the context of ongoing changes for the food-borne pig associated zoonoses Taenia solium and Trichinella spp., the food-borne trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, the water-borne trematodes Schistosoma spp., the vector-borne zoonotic protozoa Plasmodium knowlesi and Leishmania spp. and the soil-borne zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. These various changes need to be considered when assessing or developing regional control programs or devising new research initiatives in a changing SE Asia. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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| 8. | J Med Entomol. 2011 Jul;48(4):764-9.Diversity of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Carvalho GM, De Vasconcelos FB, Da Silva DG, Botelho HA, Filho JD.SourceColeção de Flebotomíneos, Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz. Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, CEP 30.190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. gumayr@cpqrr.fiocruz.br AbstractLeishmaniasis is a complex of zoonotic diseases that are endemic to many Brazilian states. They are transmitted to the vertebrates by the bite of the hematophagous female sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) vectors. Despite the increasing occurrence of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in large urban centers, their transmission continues to occur primarily in a wild environment and may be associated with professional activities, ecotourism activities, or both. This study investigates the ecological parameters of the sand flies present in Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. During 2009, systematic collections of sand flies were made monthly using HP light traps installed at five sites, including three natural settings (a cave, riparian vegetation, and a rain forest), the tourist and researchers' accommodations, and a surrounding domestic livestock area. In total, 161 sand flies (seven species) were collected, the most abundant, particularly in the surrounding domestic livestock area, being Lutzomyia (Psychodopygus) lloydi (Antunes, 1937). Furthermore, a previously unidentified Lutzomyia (Sciopemyia) sp. was prevalent in the cave environment. There are no existing records of the occurrence of leishmaniasis in Ibitipoca State Park; however, the some species of the subgenus Psychodopygus are known vectors of Leishmania spp in Brazil. Hence, the presence of a species of this genus in areas surrounding the park may represent a risk to ecotourism and the local inhabitants. Our study shows the importance of regular monitoring of the various areas used by humans to determine the distribution and spread of sand fly vectors for preventive management to forestall potential risk to health and consequent effect on ecotourists. |
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| 9. | J Nat Prod. 2011 May 27;74(5):1154-60. Epub 2011 Apr 20.Absolute configuration and selective trypanocidal activity of gaudichaudianic acid enantiomers.Batista JM, Batista AN, Rinaldo D, Vilegas W, Ambrósio DL, Cicarelli RM, Bolzani VS, Kato MJ, Nafie LA, López SN, Furlan M.SourceDepartamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-900, Brazil. joaombj@hotmail.com AbstractGaudichaudianic acid, a prenylated chromene isolated from Piper gaudichaudianum, has been described as a potent trypanocidal compound against the Y-strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. We herein describe its isolation as a racemic mixture followed by enantiomeric resolution using chiral HPLC and determination of the absolute configuration of the enantiomers as (+)-S and (-)-R by means of a combination of electronic and vibrational circular dichroism using density functional theory calculations. Investigation of the EtOAc extract of the roots, stems, and leaves from both adult specimens and seedlings of P. gaudichaudianum revealed that gaudichaudianic acid is biosynthesized as a racemic mixture from the seedling stage onward. Moreover, gaudichaudianic acid was found exclusively in the roots of seedlings, while it is present in all organs of the adult plant. Trypanocidal assays indicated that the (+)-enantiomer was more active than its antipode. Interestingly, mixtures of enantiomers showed a synergistic effect, with the racemic mixture being the most active. |
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| 10. | Hum Immunol. 2011 May;72(5):402-5. Epub 2011 Mar 1.Immunoglobulin M antibodies against CRA and FRA recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic chagasic patients.Vasconcelos RH, Azevedo EA, Cavalcanti MG, Silva ED, Ferreira AG, Morais CN, Gomes YM.SourceDepartamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fiocruz, Recife, Brazil. AbstractPrevious works of our research group have demonstrated aspects of the humoral immune response of chronic Chagas disease using the cytoplasmatic repetitive antigen (CRA) and the flagellar repetitive antigen (FRA) of Trypanosoma cruzi. The aim of this work was to analyze the presence of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in chronic chagasic patients using these recombinant antigens of T. cruzi. The positivity of IgM in chronic chagasic patients against CRA and FRA antigens was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We reported no statistical significant differences between the levels of IgM for both recombinant antigens and the different chronic clinical forms of Chagas disease. However, a small proportion of chronic chagasic patients analyzed in this study was positive for this antibody isotype. The findings of this study indicate that the IgM antibodies cannot be used to elucidate the differences in the profile of humoral immune response among chronic chagasic patients with different clinical forms using the CRA and FRA recombinant antigens of T. cruzi. Copyright © 2011 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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