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Sent on Friday, 2011 Aug 26Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Pol J Pathol. 2011;62(2):118-119.Clinical expression of autoimmune hepatitis in a nine-year-old girl with visceral leishmaniasis.Sotirakou S, Wozniak G.SourceDr. Greta Wozniak, Radiology Department,, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece, e-mail: greta@med.uth.gr. AbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic disease of unknown aetiology, which usually progresses to cirrhosis if not diagnosed and treated promptly. In childhood, autoimmune hepatitis prevalently presents with non-specific indications. The cause of entrance to hospital of the 9-year-old child was fever for 6 days (39°C) and intense cough, with other clinical symptoms and signs: abdominal distention, paleness, lack of appetite. In our case we report experience with AIH presenting with atypical clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis. |
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| 2. | J Biol Inorg Chem. 2011 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]Increasing the activity of copper(II) complexes against Leishmania through lipophilicity and pro-oxidant ability.Portas AD, Miguel DC, Yokoyama-Yasunaka JK, Uliana SR, Espósito BP.SourceInstituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. AbstractCopper complexes with fluorinated β-diketones were synthesized and characterized in terms of lipophilicity and peroxide-assisted oxidation of dihydrorhodamine as an indicator of redox activity. The biological activity of the complexes was tested against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Inhibition of trypanosomatid-specific trypanothione reductase was also tested. It was found that the highly lipophilic and redox-active bis(trifluoroacetylacetonate) derivative had increased toxicity towards promastigotes. These results indicate that it is possible to modulate the activity of metallodrugs based on redox-active metals through the appropriate choice of lipophilic chelators in order to design new antileishmanials. Further work will be necessary to improve selectivity of these compounds against the parasite. |
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| 3. | J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print]Genetic heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Leishmania donovani from India.Srivastava P, Singh T, Sundar S.SourceInfectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India. AbstractGenetic diversity within 45 Indian Leishmania donovani isolates were analyzed using seven genetic markers. While kDNA revealed 15 genotypes, 8 genotypes were obtained by other markers. Contrary to earlier reports, our data suggests significant genetic polymorphism exists in L. donovani from Bihar. Our results confirm the presence of 2 zymodemes in India. |
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| 4. | Int J Pharm. 2011 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print]PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the antileishmanial saponin β-aescin: Factor influence study and in vitro efficacy eval uation.Van de Ven H, Vermeersch M, Matheeussen A, Vandervoort J, Weyenberg W, Apers S, Cos P, Maes L, Ludwig A.SourceLaboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium. AbstractColloidal carriers are known to improve the therapeutic index of the conventional drugs in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by decreasing their toxicity whilst maintaining or increasing therapeutic efficacy. This paper describes the development of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for the antileishmanial saponin β-aescin. NPs were prepared by the W/O/W emulsification solvent evaporation technique and the influence of five preparation parameters on the NPs' size (Z(ave)), zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE%) was investigated using a 2(5-2) fractional factorial design. Cytotoxicity of aescin, aescin-loaded and blank PLGA NPs was evaluated in J774 macrophages and non-phagocytic MRC-5 cells, whereas antileishmanial activity was determined in the Leishmania infantum ex vivo model. The developed PLGA NPs were monodispersed with Z(ave)<500nm and exhibited negative zeta potentials. The process variables 'surfactant primary emulsion', 'concentration aescin' and 'solvent evaporation rate' had a positive effect on EE%. Addition of Tween(®) 80 to the inner aqueous phase rendered the primary emulsion more stable, which in its turn led to better saponin entrapment. The selectivity index (SI) towards the supporting host macrophages increased from 4 to 18 by treating the cells with aescin-loaded NPs instead of free β-aescin. In conclusion, the in vitro results confirmed our hypothesis. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
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| 5. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print]Enlightening the molecular basis of trypanothione specificity in trypanosomatids: Mutagenesis of Leishmania infantum glyoxalase II.Barata L, Silva MS, Schuldt L, Ferreira AE, Gomes RA, Tomás AM, Weiss MS, Freire AP, Cordeiro C.SourceCentro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. AbstractLeishmania infantum glyoxalase II shows absolute specificity towards its trypanothione thioester substrate. In the previous work, we performed a comparative analysis of glyoxalase II structures determined by X-ray crystallography which revealed that Tyr291 and Cys294, absent in the human homologue, are essential for substrate binding. To validate this trypanothione specificity hypothesis we produced a mutant L. infantum GLO2 enzyme by replacing Tyr291 and Cys294 by arginine and lysine, respectively. This new enzyme is capable to use the glutathione thioester substrate, with kinetic parameters similar to the ones from the human enzyme. Substrate specificity is likely to be mediated by spermidine moiety binding, providing a primer for understanding the molecular basis of trypanothione specificity. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
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| 6. | Exp Parasitol. 2011 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print]Real-time PCR to assess the Leishmania load in Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies: Screening of target genes and assessment of quantitative methods.Bezerra-Vasconcelos DR, Melo LM, Albuquerque ES, Luciano MC, Bevilaqua CM.SourceLaboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil. AbstractVisceral Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Brazil caused by Leishmania infantum chagasi and its main vector species is the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Epidemiological studies have used conventional PCR techniques to measure the rate of infection of sand flies collected in the field. However, real-time PCR can detect lower parasite burdens, reducing the number of false negatives and improving the quantification of Leishmania parasites in the sand fly. This study compared genes with various copy numbers to detect and quantify L. infantum chagasi in L. longipalpis specimens by real-time PCR. We mixed pools of 1, 10 and 30 male sand flies with various amounts of L. infantum chagasi, forming groups with 50, 500, 5000 and 50,000 Leishmania parasites. For the amplification of L. infantum chagasi DNA, primers targeting kDNA, polymerase α and the 18S ribosome subunit were employed. Parasites were measured by absolute and relative quantification. PCR detection using the amplification of kDNA exhibited the greatest sensitivity among the genes tested, showing the capacity to detect the DNA equivalent of 0.004 parasites. Additionally, the relative quantification using these primers was more accurate and precise. In general, the number of sand flies used for DNA extraction did not influence Leishmania quantification. However, for low-copy targets, such as the polymerase α gene, lower parasite numbers in the sample produced inaccurate quantifications. Thus, qPCR measurement of L. infantum chagasi in L. longipalpis was improved by targeting high copy-number genes; amplification of high copy-number targets increased the sensitivity, accuracy and precision of DNA-based parasite enumeration. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
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