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Sent on Tuesday, 2011 Sep 06Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;53(7):693-5.High-Dose Oral Fluconazole Therapy Effective for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis.Sousa AQ, Frutuoso MS, Moraes EA, Pearson RD, Pompeu MM.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine. AbstractWe report for the first time the successful use of fluconazole to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis. We used escalating doses from 5 to 8 mg/kg per day. At a dose of 5 mg/kg per day, 75% patients were cured, and at 8 mg/kg per day, the cure rate was 100%. Fluconazole was well tolerated. |
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| 2. | Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct;53(7):e91-8.Liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected patients: 2-year treatment outcomes in bihar, India.Sinha PK, van Griensven J, Pandey K, Kumar N, Verma N, Mahajan R, Kumar P, Kumar R, Das P, Mitra G, Flevaud L, Ferreyra C, Remartinez D, Pece M, Palma PP.SourceRajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar. AbstractBackground. Reports on treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection in India are lacking. To our knowledge, none have studied the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B in VL-HIV coinfection. We report the 2-year treatment outcomes of VL-HIV-coinfected patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B followed by combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in Bihar, India. Methods. The study included all patients with newly diagnosed VL-HIV coinfection and initiating treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (20-25 mg/kg in 4-15 days) between July 2007 and September 2010. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative incidence of death/treatment failure were calculated. Results. Fifty-five patients were included (83.6% male; median age, 35 years; 62% migrant laborers; median follow-up, 1 year). The median CD4 cell count at VL diagnosis was 66 cells/μL (interquartile range, 38-112). Twenty-seven patients (49.1%) presented with VL relapse of VL. The overall tolerance of liposomal amphotericin B was excellent, with no interrupted treatment. Survival by 1 and 2 years after VL treatment was estimated at 85.5%. No patients had initial treatment failure. The probabilities of VL relapse were 0%, 8.1%, and 26.5% at 0.5, 1, and 2 years after VL treatment, respectively; relapse rates were similar for primary VL and VL relapse. CD4 counts <200 cells/μL at 6 months after cART initiation were predictive of subsequent relapse. The mean CD4 cell counts at 6 and 24 months after cART initiation were 187 and 261 cells/μL, respectively. The rate for retention in HIV care was 83.6%. Conclusions. Good long-term survival and retention rates were obtained for VL-HIV-coinfected patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B and cART. Although the initial VL treatment response was excellent, VL relapse within 2 years remained frequent. |
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| 3. | Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Sep 2. [Epub ahead of print]Wild, synanthropic and domestic hosts of Leishmania in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil.Quaresma PF, Rêgo FD, Botelho HA, da Silva SR, Moura AJ Júnior, Neto RG, Madeira FM, Carvalho MB, Paglia AP, Melo MN, Gontijo CM.SourceLaboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. AbstractDomestic, synanthropic and wild hosts of Leishmania spp. parasites were studied in an area endemic for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), specifically in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Domestic dogs and small forest mammals are reservoir hosts for L. (Leishmania) infantum. However, the role that these animals play in the transmission cycle of the Leishmania spp. that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis is not well known. This study evaluated 72 rodents, 25 marsupials and 98 domestic dogs found in two villages of the Xakriabá Indigenous Territory, an area of intense ATL transmission. A total of 23 dogs (23.47%) were shown to be positive according to at least one test; 8 dogs (8.16%) tested positive in a single serological test and 15 dogs (15.31%) tested positive by IFAT and ELISA. Eleven dogs were euthanised to allow for molecular diagnosis, of which nine (81.8%) tested positive by PCR for Leishmania in at least one tissue. Seven animals were infected only with L. (L.) infantum, whilst two displayed a mixed infection of L. (L.) infantum and L. (V.) braziliensis. Isoenzymatic characterisation identified L. (L.) infantum parasites isolated from the bone marrow of two dogs. Of the 97 small mammals captured, 24 tested positive for Leishmania by PCR. The results showed that L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (L.) infantum and L. (V.) guyanensis are circulating among wild and synanthropic mammals present in the Xakriabá Reserve, highlighting the epidemiological diversity of ATL in this region. Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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| 4. | J Microbiol Methods. 2011 Aug 25. [Epub ahead of print]Preparation of highly infective Leishmania promastigotes by cultivat ion on SNB-9 biphasic medium.Grekov I, Svobodová M, Nohýnková E, Lipoldová M.SourceInstitute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic. AbstractProtozoan hemoflagellates Leishmania are causative agents of leishmaniases and an important biological model for study of host-pathogen interaction. A wide range of methods of Leishmania cultivation on both biphasic and liquid media is available. Biphasic media are considered to be superior for initial isolation of the parasites and obtaining high promastigote infectivity; however, liquid media are more suitable for large-scale experiments. The aim of the present study was the adaptation and optimization of the cultivation of Leishmania promastigotes on a biphasic SNB-9 (saline-neopeptone-blood 9) medium that was originally developed for Trypanosoma cultivation and combines the advantages of biphasic and liquid media. SNB-9 medium is characterized with a large volume of the liquid phase, which facilitates the manipulation with the culture and provides parasite yields comparable to parasite yields on such liquid medium as Schneider's Insect Medium. We demonstrate that SNB-9 very considerably surpasses Schneider's Insect Medium in in vitro infectivity of the parasites. Additionally, we show that the ratio of apoptotic parasites, which are important for the infectivity of the inoculum, in Leishmania culture in SNB-9 is higher than in Leishmania culture in Schneider's Insect Medium. Thus, we demonstrate that the cultivation of Leishmania on SNB-9 reliably yields highly infective promastigotes suitable for experimental infection. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
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| 5. | Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Aug 31. [Epub ahead of print]Changing trends in visceral leishmaniasis: 10 years' e xperience at a referral hospital in Nepal.Pun SB, Sato T, Pandey K, Pandey BD.SourceSukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal; Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal. AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is mainly confined to the southeast area in the Terai region of Nepal. This study aimed to assess time trends and geographical distribution of VL at a referral hospital over a 10-year period in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 1521 patients were admitted to the hospital during the study period (April 1999 to March 2009). Overall, 88% of cases were from endemic areas and 10% were from non-endemic areas. There was a significant decreasing trend in the number of VL cases in this hospital during the study period. However, VL is being increasingly diagnosed in patients from non-endemic areas of Nepal. Whether VL in non-endemic areas is imported or autochthonous remains to be elucidated. This study therefore reinforces the need for urgent VL and entomological surveillance in newly reported areas to allow effective VL control strategies to be developed for the future. Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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