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Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Sep 07Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011 Aug;106(5):635-8.Hourly activity of Lutzomyia neivai in the endemic zone of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tucumán, Argentina: preliminary results.Fuenzalida AD, Quintana MG, Salomón OD, Grosso MS.SourceInstituto Superior de Entomología Dr Abraham Willink, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. AbstractIn the present work, the hourly activity of Lutzomyia neivai was studied in the southern part of the province of Tucumán, Argentina, in an area of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis during two months of higher activity. In addition, the variables that influenced the abundance of Lu. neivai were evaluated. A total of 1,146 individuals belonging to Lu. neivai (97%) and Lutzomyia migonei (3%) were captured. The hourly activity of Lu. neivai was mainly nocturnal, with a bimodal pattern in both months. In January, the variable that most influenced the abundance of Lu. neivai was the temperature, whereas in April, that variable was humidity. These results may contribute to the design of anti-vectorial control measures at a micro-focal scale. |
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| 2. | Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011 Aug;106(5):573-83.Analysis of the expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and cytokine production during experimental Leishmania chagasi infection.Cezário GA, Oliveira LR, Peresi E, Nicolete VC, Polettini J, Lima CR, Gatto M, Calvi SA.SourceDepartamento de Doenças Tropicais. AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise pathogen-derived molecules and influence immunity to control parasite infections. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of TLRs 2 and 4, the expression and production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the spleen of mice infected with Leishmania chagasi. It also aimed to evaluate any correlations between mRNA expression TLR2 and 4 and cytokines and NO production. Infection resulted in increased TLR2-4, IL-17, TNF-α and TGF-β mRNA expression during early infection, with decreased expression during late infection correlating with parasite load. IFN-γ and IL-12 mRNA expression decreased at the peak of parasitism. IL-10 mRNA expression increased throughout the entire time period analysed. Although TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-17 were highly produced during the initial phase of infection, IFN-γ and IL-12 exhibited high production during the final phase of infection. IL-10 and NO showed increased production throughout the evaluated time period. In the acute phase of infection, there was a positive correlation between TLR2-4, TNF-α, IL-17, NO, IL-10 and TGF-β expression and parasite load. During the chronic phase of infection, there was a positive correlation between TLR2-4, TNF-α, IL-17 and TGF-β expression and parasite load. Our data suggest that infection by L. chagasi resulted in modulation of TLRs 2 and 4 and cytokines. |
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| 3. | Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011 Aug;106(5):515-23.A comparative evaluation of end-emic and non-endemic region of visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in India with ground survey and space technology.Kesari S, Bhunia GS, Kumar V, Jeyaram A, Ranjan A, Das P.SourceDepartment of Vector Biology and Control, Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bihar, India. AbstractIn visceral leishmaniasis, phlebotomine vectors are targets for control measures. Understanding the ecosystem of the vectors is a prerequisite for creating these control measures. This study endeavours to delineate the suitable locations of Phlebotomus argentipes with relation to environmental characteristics between endemic and non-endemic districts in India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 25 villages in each district. Environmental data were obtained through remote sensing images and vector density was measured using a CDC light trap. Simple linear regression analysis was used to measure the association between climatic parameters and vector density. Using factor analysis, the relationship between land cover classes and P. argentipes density among the villages in both districts was investigated. The results of the regression analysis indicated that indoor temperature and relative humidity are the best predictors for P. argentipes distribution. Factor analysis confirmed breeding preferences for P. argentipes by landscape element. Minimum Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, marshy land and orchard/settlement produced high loading in an endemic region, whereas water bodies and dense forest were preferred in non-endemic sites. Soil properties between the two districts were studied and indicated that soil pH and moisture content is higher in endemic sites compared to non-endemic sites. The present study should be utilised to make critical decisions for vector surveillance and controlling Kala-azar disease vectors. |
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| 4. | Arch Biochem Biophys. 2011 Aug 27. [Epub ahead of print]Role of proximal methionine residues in Leishmania major peroxidase.Yadav RK, Pal S, Dolai S, Adak S.SourceDivision of Structural Biology and Bio-informatics, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India. AbstractThe active site architecture of Leishmania major peroxidase (LmP) is very similar with both cytochrome c peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. We utilized point mutagenesis to investigate if the conserved proximal methionine residues (Met248 and Met249) in LmP help in controlling catalysis. Steady-state kinetics of methionine mutants shows that ferrocytochrome c oxidation is <2% of wild type levels without affecting the second order rate constant of first phase of Compound I formation, while the activity toward a small molecule substrate, guaiacol or iodide, increases. Our diode array stopped-flow spectral studies show that the porphyrin π-cation radical of Compound I in mutant LmP is more stable than wild type enzyme. These results suggest that the electronegative sulfur atoms of the proximal pocket are critical factors for controlling the location of a stable Compound I radical in heme peroxidases and are important in the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
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| 5. | Acta Trop. 2011 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print]Characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi telomerase.Campelo R, Galindo MM, Ramirez JL.SourceInstituto de Estudios Avanzados, MppCiencia, Tecnología e Industrias Ligeras, Caracas, Venezuela. AbstractHigh telomerase activity is always associated with actively dividing cells, however the detection of this activity in dividing Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi cells has always been disappointingly low. Recently, we have found that Leishmania major telomerase activity can be activated by heat, which combined with dilutions of the nuclear extracts produced an increase in activity comparable to cancer cells. Here we examined whether T. cruzi telomerase shares the same physicochemical properties of primer specificity and overall features of the L. major. Our studies revealed that no telomerase inhibitory factors were present in the nuclear lysates of T. cruzi however the enzyme was activated by heat and was very resilient to heat denaturation. We also showed the extension primer specificity, susceptibility to RNase-A and RNase-H digestion, and the effect of telomerase inhibitors. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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| 6. | J Infect Dis. 2011 Aug;204(3):478-86.Selection of TcII Trypanosoma cruzi population following macrophage infection.Pena DA , Eger I, Nogueira L, Heck N, Menin Á, Báfica A, Steindel M.SourceLaboratory of Protozoology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. AbstractBACKGROUND:Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which exhibits a high genetic variability. TcI, TcII, or mixed TcI/TcII strains may be found during acute human infection while mainly TcII parasites are present at the chronic stage of disease. In a previously studied Chagas disease outbreak, we identified mixed TcI/TcII strains in the vector Triatoma tibiamaculata and only TcII strains in infected humans, indicating that T. cruzi populations may be selected within the human host. METHODS:Utilizing molecular typing and cell biology techniques, we investigated the interaction of TcI, TcII, and mixed TcI/TcII strains with macrophages, an important cell population implicated in controlling protozoan infection. RESULTS:TcII but not TcI strains were selected by both human and murine macrophages in vitro and by peritoneal cavity cells in vivo. Biological analysis revealed that, compared with TcI, TcII strains display higher infective and multiplicative ability as well as lower doubling time inside macrophages. However, TcI and TcII strains present similar susceptibility to interferon-γ-activated macrophages in vitro. CONCLUSIONS:Taken together, our results reveal the existence of an intracellular selection process in macrophages that favors TcII, but not TcI, when infection occurs with vector-derived mixed TcI/TcII strains. |
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| 7. | Vet Rec. 2011 Jun 4;168(22):590. Epub 2011 May 27.African Trypanosoma infection in a dog in France.Museux K, Boulouha L, Majani S, Journaux H.SourceLaboratoire IDEXX, 17 Jean Baptiste Preux, 94140 Alfortville, Paris, France. kristina-museux@idexx.com |
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| 8. | Infect Genet Evol. 2011 Mar;11(2):300-7. Epub 2010 Nov 24.Interest and limitat ions of Spliced Leader Intergenic Region sequences for analyzing Trypanosoma cruzi I phylogenetic diversity in the Argentinean Chaco.Tomasini N, Lauthier JJ, Monje Rumi MM, Ragone PG, Alberti D'Amato AA, Pérez Brandan C, Cura CI, Schijman AG, Barnabé C, Tibayrenc M, Basombrío MA, Falla A, Herrera C, Guhl F, Diosque P.SourceUnidad de Epidemiología Molecular (UEM), Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Av. Bolivia 5150, CP4400, Salta, Argentina. nicotomasini@yahoo.com.ar AbstractInternal and geographical clustering within Trypanosoma cruzi I (TcI) has been recently revealed by using Multilocus Microsatellite Typing and sequencing of the Spliced-Leader Intergenic Region (SL-IR). In the present work, 14 isolates and 11 laboratory-cloned stocks obtained from a geographically restricted area in Chaco Province, Argentina, were analyzed by PCR and sequencing of SL-IR. We were able to differentiate 8 different genotypes that clustered into 4 groups. One of these groups was classified within the formerly described haplotype A and another one within the recently described SL-IR group E. Both were phylogenetically well-supported. In contrast, none of the stocks from the Chaco province were grouped within the cluster previously named haplotype D despite the fact that they shared a similar microsatellite motif in the SL-IR. No evidence of recombination or gene conversion within these stocks was found. On the other hand, multiple ambiguous alignments in the microsatellite region of SL-IR, affecting the tree topology and relationships among groups were detected. Finally, since there are multiple copies of the SL-IR, and they are arranged in tandem, we discuss how molecular processes affecting this kind of sequences could mislead phylogenetic inference. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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| 9. | Infect Genet Evol. 2011 Mar;11(2):329-33. Epub 2010 Nov 24.Wing shape differentiation of Mepraia species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).Campos R, Botto-Mahan C, Coronado X, Jaramillo N, Panzera F, Solari A.SourcePrograma de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 70086, Santiago 7, Chile. AbstractMepraia is an endemic genus found in the semiarid and arid regions of north-central Chile. Until 1998, Mepraia spinolai was the only species of the genus, distributed in coastal and interior valleys from Chile between 18° and 34°S. However, on the basis of karyotype and morphological characters, coastal desert populations between 18° and 26°S were ranked as a new species, Mepraia gajardoi. Recently, genetic studies using nuclear and mitochondrial markers on Mepraia populations suggest that the geographical criterion to separate the two species should be reviewed. Mepraia species show conspicuous alary polymorphism, unique in the Triatominae subfamily. Females of both species are invariably micropterous, while males of M. spinolai can be micropterous, brachypterous or macropterous, and only brachypterous in M. gajardoi. In this study, we use geometric morphometrics analyses to compare male wings of M. spinolai and M. gajardoi from natural populations, in order to examine if these two species have diverged in alary shape. As expected, we found that brachypterous wings of both species are smaller than macropterous wings of M. spinolai. Additionally, we detected clear differences in shape on wings of M. gajardoi and M. spinolai, not attributable to allometric effects. For last, a new alary phenotype, insects with vestigial wings, was described here for the first time. In conclusion, our analyses on wings of Mepraia species separate two distinct groups consistent with the two described species. However, our findings of vestigial wings in some coastal areas of the north part of Chile cannot rule out the existence of a hybrid zone. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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