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Sent on Tuesday, 2012 February 07Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Eukaryot Cell. 2012 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]Delta-aminolevulinate-induced host-parasite porphyric disparity for selective photolysis of transgenic Leishmania in the phagolysosomes of mononuclear phagocytes: A potential novel platform for vaccine delivery.Dutta S, Chang C, Kolli BK, Sassa S, Yousef M, Showe M, Showe L, Chang KP.SourceDepartment of Microbiology/Immunology, Chicago Medical School/RFUMS, North Chicago, IL 60064. AbstractLeishmania double transfectants (DT), expressing the 2(nd) and 3(rd) enzymes in heme biosynthetic pathway, were previously reported to show neogenesis of uroporphyrin I (URO) when induced with delta-aminolevulinate (ALA) - the product of the 1(st) enzyme in this pathway. The ensuing accumulation of URO in DT promastigotes rendered them light-excitable to produce ROS, resulting in their cytolysis. Evidence is presented here, showing that the DTs retained wildtype infectivity to their host cells; and that the intra-phagolysosomal/parasitophorous vacuolar (PV) DTs remained ALA-inducible for uroporphyrinogenesis/photolysis. Exposure of DT-infected cells to ALA was noted by fluorescence microscopy to result in host-parasite differential porphyrinogenesis: porphyrin fluorescence emerged first in the host cells and then in the intra-PV amastigotes. DT-infected and control cells differed qualitatively and quantitatively in their porphyrin species, consistent with the expected multi- and mono-porphyrinogenic specificities of the host cells and the DTs, respectively. After ALA removal, the neogenic porphyrins were rapidly lost from the host cells, but persisted as URO in the intra-PV DTs. These DTs were thus extremely light-sensitive and lysed selectively by illumination under non-stringent conditions in the relatively ROS-resistant phagolysosomes. Photolysis of the intra-PV DTs returned the distribution of MHC Class II molecules and the global gene expression profiles of host cells toward their pre-infection patterns and, when transfected with ovalbumin, released this antigen for co-presentation with MHC Class I molecules. These Leishmania mutants thus have considerable potential as a novel model of universal vaccine carrier for photodynamic immuno-therapy/-prophylaxis. |
| 2. | Acta Trop. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]Twenty-four new human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania killicki in Metlaoui, southwestern Tunisia. Probable role of Phlebotomus sergenti in the transmission.Jaouadi K, Depaquit J, Haouas N, Chaara D, Gorcii M, Chargui N, Dedet JP, Pratlong F, Boubabous R, Babba H.SourceLaboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (99UR/08-05), Département de biologie clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir-Tunisie et direction de santé et de soin de base de Gafsa, Tunisia; JE 2533 - USC ANSES "Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)", Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims, France. AbstractMetlaoui district in the South-west of Tunisia is a classical focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania major. Since 2005, a single case of CL due to L. killicki has been reported. We report twenty four human cases due to this parasite, affecting men and women from 2 to 70 years old. Leishmania killicki have been typed using molecular techniques: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and gene sequencing. Four strains from patients have been successfully cultured on NNN medium and isoenzymatically typed as L. killicki MON-8. Our results strongly suggests that Metlaoui is a new L. killicki focus with a stable transmission cycle. Sand flies fauna in the same focus was also studied. 1400 Phlebotomine sand flies (785 males/615 females) have been caught during an entomological survey. Leishmania major DNA has been found in one P. papatasi female, the most abundant species, whereas L. killicki DNA has been found in one Phlebotomus sergenti female emphasizing the probable role of this species as vector of this zoonotic parasite. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| 3. | Exp Parasitol. 2012 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print]Characterization of a compensatory mutant of Leishmania major that lacks ether lipids but exhibits normal growth, and G418 and hygromycin resistance.Zufferey R, Bibis SS, Zhu T, Dhalladoo S.SourceDepartment of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA. AbstractEther glycerolipid biosynthesis in Leishmania major initiates with the acylation of dihydroxyacetonephosphate by the glycosomal dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase LmDAT. We previously reported that a null mutant of LmDAT is severely affected in logarithmic growth, survival during stationary phase, and in virulence in mice. In addition, it lacks all ether glycerolipids, produces altered forms of the ether-lipid based virulence factors lipophosphoglycan and increased levels of GPI-anchored protein gp63. Here, we describe the characterization of a compensatory mutant of a null strain of LmDAT, Δlmdat/Δlmdat(rev). Similarly to the null mutant, the Δlmdat/Δlmdat(rev) strain formed altered forms of lipophosphoglycan and increased levels of gp63, and was avirulent in mice infection. Further, dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase activity was absent in the revertant clone, indicating that a mutation in another acyltransferase gene did not confer dihydroxyacetonephosphate specificity. In contrast, the revertant grew normally but still exhibited poor survival during stationary phase. In addition, agarose gel analysis of its genomic DNA failed to detect any amplified DNA. Surprisingly, its sensitivity to aminoglycoside based antibiotics G418 and hygromycin was lower than that of the null mutant, wild type and complemented line. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| 4. | Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Feb;18(2):354-5. doi: 10.3291/eid1802.110924.Leishmania infantum and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis, Argentina.Barrio A, Parodi CM, Locatelli F, Mora MC, Basombrío MA, Korenaga M, Hashiguchi Y, Bustos MF, Gentile A, Marco JD.AbstractTO THE EDITOR: In Argentina, 14 autochthonous human cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were reported during 1925-1989. These cases occurred in different localities in Salta, Jujuy, Santiago del Estero, and Chaco Provinces of northwestern Argentina (Figure A1), where cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused principally by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is endemic. |
| 5. | Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Feb;18(2):287-9. doi: 10.3201/eid1802.111479.Multiorgan Dysfunction Caused by Travel-associated African Trypanosomiasis.Cottle LE, Peters JR, Hall A, Bailey JW, Noyes HA, Rimington JE, Beeching NJ, Squire SB, Beadsworth MB.AbstractWe describe a case of multiorgan dysfunction secondary to Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection acquired on safari in Zambia. This case was one of several recently reported to ProMED-mail in persons who had traveled to this region. Trypanosomiasis remains rare in travelers but should be considered in febrile patients who have returned from trypanosomiasis-endemic areas of Africa. |
| 6. | Bioorg Med Chem. 2012 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]Investigation of trypanothione reductase inhibitory activity by 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide derivatives and molecular docking studies.Rodrigues RF, Castro-Pinto D, Echevarria A, Dos Reis CM, Del Cistia CN, Sant'anna CM, Teixeira F, Castro H, Canto-Cavalheiro M, Leon LL, Tomás A.SourceFundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 26, sala 405, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil. AbstractThe biological activities of a series of mesoionic 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide derivatives have been studied. The most active compounds (MI-HH; MI-3-OCH(3); MI-4-OCH(3) and MI-4-NO(2)) were evaluated to determine their effect on trypanothione reductase (TryR) activity in Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the assayed compounds, only MI-4-NO(2) showed enzyme inhibition effect on extracts from different cultures of parasites, which was confirmed using the recombinant enzyme from T. cruzi (TcTryR) and Leishmania infantum (LiTryR). The enzyme kinetics determined with LiTryR demonstrated a non-competitive inhibition profile of MI-4-NO(2). A molecular docking study showed that the mesoionic compounds could effectively dock into the substrate binding site together with the substrate molecule. The mesoionic compounds were also effective ligands of the NADPH and FAD binding sites and the NADPH binding site was predicted as the best of all three binding sites. Based on the theoretical results, an explanation at the molecular level is proposed for the MI-4-NO(2) enzyme inhibition effect. Given TryR as a molecular target, it is important to continue the study of mesoionic compounds as part of a drug discovery campaign against Leishmaniasis or Chagas' disease. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| 7. | BMJ. 2011 Dec 16;343:d8198. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d8198.Excessive mortality in Central African Republic is out of control, warns charity.Moszynski P. |
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| 8. | An Acad Bras Cienc. 2011 Sep;83(3):1041-4. Epub 2011 Jul 1.Chagas disease in prehistory.Ferreira LF, Jansen AM, Araújo A.SourceLaboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. AbstractThe classical hypothesis proposes that Chagas disease has been originated in the Andean region among prehistoric people when they started domesticating animals, changing to sedentary habits, and adopting agriculture. These changes in their way of life happened nearly 6,000 years ago. However, paleoparasitological data based on molecular tools showed that Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease were commonly found both in South and North American prehistoric populations long before that time, suggesting that Chagas disease may be as old as the human presence in the American continent. The study of the origin and dispersion of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among prehistoric human populations may help in the comprehension of the clinical and epidemiological questions on Chagas disease that still remain unanswered. |
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