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Sent on Thursday, 2012 February 09Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | J Trop Med. 2012;2012:858657. Epub 2012 Jan 18.Studies on the Feeding Habits of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Populations from Endemic Areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil.Afonso MM, Duarte R, Miranda JC, Caranha L, Rangel EF.SourceLaboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Laboratório de Referência em Vigilância Entomológica, Taxonomia e Ecologia de Vetores das Leishmanioses do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365, 21040-360 Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil. AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify potential blood feeding sources of L. (L.) longipalpis specimens from populations in Northeastern Brazil, endemic areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) and its correlation with the transmission of L. (L.) i. chagasi. The ELISA technique was applied using bird, dog, goat, opossum, equine, feline, human, sheep, and rodent antisera to analyze 609 females, resulting in an overall positivity of 60%. In all municipalities, females showed higher positivity for bird followed by dog antiserum and sand fly specimens were also positive for equine, feline, human, sheep, goat, opossum, and rodent antisera. The finding for 17 combinations of two or three types of blood in some females corroborates the opportunistic habit of this sand fly species. The results demonstrating the association between L. (L.) longipalpis and opossum suggest the need for further evaluation of the real role of this synanthropic mammal in the eco-epidemiology of AVL. |
| 2. | J Trop Med. 2012;2012:652803. Epub 2012 Jan 19.Distribution and abundance of phlebotominae, vectors of leishmaniasis, in Argentina: spatial and temporal analysis at different scales.Quintana MG, Fernández MS, Salomón OD.SourceInstituto Superior de Entomología, FCN, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Miguel Lillo 205, T4000 JFE San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. AbstractThe spatial-temporal analysis of the abundance of insects, vectors of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL), was performed in Argentina using spatial-temporal increasing scales. In the microscale (microfocal), the effect of the primary vegetation-crop interface in vector abundance was observed, and also how the shelters, food sources, and other environmental characteristics contribute to habitat microheterogeneity and so to a microheterogeneous vector distribution. In the mesoscale (locality or epidemic focus), the results from different foci of TL (rural and periurban) and VL (urban) suggested a metapopulation structure determined partially by quantifiable habitat variables that could explain the increase of risk associated to an increase of vector-human contact due to climatic or anthropogenic changes. In the macroscale (regional), captures of vectors and records of human cases allowed the construction of risk maps and predictive models of vector distribution. In conclusion, in order to obtain valid results transferrable to control programs from spatial studies, special attention should be paid in order to assure the consistency between the spatial scales of the hypotheses, data, and analytical tools of each experimental or descriptive design. |
| 3. | J Trop Med. 2012;2012:642910. Epub 2012 Jan 18.Microspatial distributional patterns of vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in pernambuco, northeastern Brazil.Donalisio MR, Peterson AT, Costa PL, da Silva FJ, Valença HF, Shaw JJ, Brandão Filho SP.SourceDepartmento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo 126, 13083-887, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution and population trends through time of Lutzomyia species in a long-term focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in an Atlantic Forest area, northeastern Brazil. Sand fly populations of different ecological niches were monitored spatiotemporally in 2009. To summarize vegetation characteristics and phenology, we calculated the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index from Landsat images. Using niche modeling approaches, we assessed suites of environmental factors to identify areas of transmission risk. Although 12 species were detected, L. whitmani was the most abundant and broadly distributed across the area, particularly in peridomiciliary locations, and associated negatively with denser vegetation areas. On the other hand, L. complexa, L. sordelli, and L. tupynambai were found almost exclusively in forested areas (P < 0.05), and associated positively with denser vegetation. Lutzomyia species' occurrences are related to specific environmental combinations (with contrast among species) in the region. |
| 4. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Feb 6. [Epub ahead of print]Induction of Oxidative Stress in Trypanosoma brucei by the Antitrypanosomal Dihydroquinoline OSU-40.He S, Dayton A, Kuppusamy P, Werbovetz KA, Drew ME.SourceDivision of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. AbstractDihydroquinoline derivative OSU-40 (1-benzyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinolin-6-yl acetate) is selectively potent against T. b. rhodesiense in vitro (IC(50) = 14 nM, selectivity index = 1700), and has been proposed to cause the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in African trypanosomes (Fotie, J., M. Kaiser, D. A. Delfin, J. Manley, C. S. Reid, J. M. Paris, T. Wenzler, L. Maes, K. V. Mahasenan, C. L. Li, and K. A. Werbovetz. 2010. J. Med. Chem. 53:966-982). In the present study, we sought to provide further support for the hypothesis that OSU-40 kills trypanosomes through oxidative stress. Inducible RNA interference (RNAi) was applied to down-regulate key enzymes in parasite antioxidant defense, including trypanothione synthetase (TbTryS) and a superoxide dismutase (TbSODB). Both TbTryS RNAi-induced and TbSODB RNAi-induced cells showed impaired growth and increased sensitivity towards OSU-40 by 2.4-fold and 3.4-fold respectively. Decreased expression of key parasite antioxidant enzymes was thus associated with an increased sensitivity to OSU-40, consistent with the hypothesis that OSU-40 acts through oxidative stress. Finally, the dose-dependent formation of free radicals was observed after incubation of T. brucei with OSU-40 utilizing electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. These data support the notion that the mode of antitrypanosomal action for this class of compounds is to induce oxidative stress. |
| 5. | Parasite. 2012 Feb;19(1):81-4.Identification of the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Chichaoua province, Morocco.Rhajaoui M, Sebti F, Fellah H, Alam MZ, Nasereddin A, Abbasi I, Schönian G.SourceDépartement de parasitologie, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco. rhajaouimed@yahoo.fr. AbstractCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Morocco is caused by three species, Leishmania major, L. tropica and L. infantum. CL has been known in Chichaoua province since 2000. Using DNA extracted from microscopic slides and parasite cultures, collected in the years 2006 and 2009, we identified for the first time L. tropica as the causative agent of CL in this region. Species identification was achieved by performing the ITS1-PCR-RFLP approach. By using this method it was possible to identify parasites in Giemsa stained slides containing less than five parasites per oil-immersion field even they were conserved for up to four months. |
| 6. | Parasite. 2012 Feb;19(1):77-80.[A case of feline leishmaniasis in the south of France]. [Article in French] Pocholle E, Reyes-Gomez E, Giacomo A, Delaunay P, Hasseine L, Marty P.SourceUniversité de Liège, boulevard de Colonster 20, 4000 Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgique. emiliepocholle@gmail.fr. AbstractWe report a case of disseminated feline leishmaniasis in a FIV-seropositive 14-year-old male cat (Felis catus) living in the Alpes-Maritimes (south of France). The cat presented with erythematous ulcerated papules on the head and withers, and with an ulcerated proliferative lesion on the left pinnae. The condition was diagnosed, along with a squamous cell carcinoma of the pinnae, after histopathological examination of the cutaneous lesions. Total remission of the cutaneous lesions was obtained after oral administration of 100 mg of allopurinol once a day for four months. Necropsic samples revealed that the parasite was still present in the organism after six months of treatment. This case discusses of the cat sensibility to the leishmaniasis pathology and of his potential ability of being a reservoir host. |
| 7. | Parasite. 2012 Feb;19(1):63-70.In silico analysis of a therapeutic target in Leishmania infantum: the guanosine-dipho spho-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase.Pomel S, Rodrigo J, Hendra F, Cavé C, Loiseau PM.SourceUniversité Paris-Sud 11, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8076 CNRS, Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France. AbstractLeishmaniases are tropical and sub-tropical diseases for which classical drugs (i.e. antimonials) exhibit toxicity and drug resistance. Such a situation requires to find new chemical series with antileishmanial activity. This work consists in analyzing the structure of a validated target in Leishmania: the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GDP-MP), an enzyme involved in glycosylation and essential for amastigote survival. By comparing both human and L. infantum GDP-MP 3D homology models, we identified (i) a common motif of amino acids that binds to the mannose moiety of the substrate and, interestingly, (ii) a motif that is specific to the catalytic site of the parasite enzyme. This motif could then be used to design compounds that specifically inhibit the leishmanial GDP-MP, without any effect on the human homolog. |
| 8. | Parasitology. 2012 Feb 8:1-9. [Epub ahead of print]The development of Psychodiella sergenti (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) in Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae).Lantova L, Volf P.SourceDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. AbstractSUMMARYPsychodiella sergenti is a recently described specific pathogen of the sand fly Phlebotomus sergenti, the main vector of Leishmania tropica. The aim of this study was to examine the life cycle of Ps. sergenti in various developmental stages of the sand fly host. The microscopical methods used include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy of native preparations and histological sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Psychodiella sergenti oocysts were observed on the chorion of sand fly eggs. In 1st instar larvae, sporozoites were located in the ectoperitrophic space of the intestine. No intracellular stages were found. In 4th instar larvae, Ps. sergenti was mostly located in the ectoperitrophic space of the intestine of the larvae before defecation and in the intestinal lumen of the larvae after defecation. In adults, the parasite was recorded in the body cavity, where the sexual development was triggered by a bloodmeal intake. Psychodiella sergenti has several unique features. It develops sexually exclusively in sand fly females that took a bloodmeal, and its sporozoites bear a distinctive conoid (about 700 nm long), which is more than 4 times longer than conoids of the mosquito gregarines. |
| 9. | J Exp Med. 2012 Feb 6. [Epub ahead of print]Gene expression induced by Toll-like receptors in macrophages requires the transcription factor NFAT5.Buxadé M, Lunazzi G, Minguillón J, Iborra S, Berga-Bolaños R, Del Val M, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C.SourceImmunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain. AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs) engage networks of transcriptional regulators to induce genes essential for antimicrobial immunity. We report that NFAT5, previously characterized as an osmostress responsive factor, regulates the expression of multiple TLR-induced genes in macrophages independently of osmotic stress. NFAT5 was essential for the induction of the key antimicrobial gene Nos2 (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) in response to low and high doses of TLR agonists but is required for Tnf and Il6 mainly under mild stimulatory conditions, indicating that NFAT5 could regulate specific gene patterns depending on pathogen burden intensity. NFAT5 exhibited two modes of association with target genes, as it was constitutively bound to Tnf and other genes regardless of TLR stimulation, whereas its recruitment to Nos2 or Il6 required TLR activation. Further analysis revealed that TLR-induced recruitment of NFAT5 to Nos2 was dependent on inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) β activity and de novo protein synthesis, and was sensitive to histone deacetylases. In vivo, NFAT5 was necessary for effective immunity against Leishmania major, a parasite whose clearance requires TLRs and iNOS expression in macrophages. These findings identify NFAT5 as a novel regulator of mammalian anti-pathogen responses. |
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| 10. | Eur J Immunol. 2012 Feb 6. doi: 10.1002/eji.201141926. [Epub ahead of print]Leishmania amazonensis impairs DC function by inhibiting CD40 expression via A(2B) adenosine receptor activation.Figueiredo AB, Serafim TD, Marques-da-Silva EA, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Afonso LC.SourceLaboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, ICEB/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in the modulation of immune responses and several studies have evaluated the interactions between Leishmania parasites and DCs. While extracellular ATP exhibits pro-inflammatory properties, adenosine is an important anti-inflammatory mediator. Here we investigated the effects of Leishmania infection on DC responses and the participation of purinergic signalling in this process. BMDCs from C57BL/6J mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis or Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes showed decreased MHC class II and CD86 expression and increased ectonucleotidase expression as compared with uninfected cells. In addition, L. amazonensis-infected DCs, which had lower CD40 expression, exhibited a decreased ability to induce T-cell proliferation. The presence of MRS1754, a highly selective A(2B) adenosine receptor antagonist at the time of infection increased MHC class II, CD86 and CD40 expression in L. amazonensis-infected DCs and restored the ability of the infected DCs to induce T-cell proliferation. Similar results were obtained through the inhibition of extracellular ATP hydrolysis using suramin. In conclusion, we propose that A(2B) receptor activation may be used by L. amazonensis to inhibit DC function and evade the immune response. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. |
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