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Sent on Saturday, 2012 February 18Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Trop Doct. 2012 Feb 15. [Epub ahead of print]Infiltrated leishmaniasis recidivans cutis on the face: a rare clinical presentation.Masood S, Naveed S, Uddin Alvi R.Source* Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. AbstractCutaneous leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease caused by Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of some species of sand flies. Usually it presents with variety of clinical manifestations depending on both the infecting species of Leishmania and the immune response of the host. Leishmaniasis recidivans cutis (LRC) is a unique form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterized by unusual clinical features and its chronic relapsing nature. It is an evolving form of cutaneous leishmaniasis which clinically presents as a spreading of the initial nodule, leading to a plaque formation simulating discoid lupus erythematosus. A clinical course of leishmania recidivans is probably related to changes in cell-mediated immunity leading to localized or diffuse lesions. We report a case that presented with infiltrated, atrophic plaque on a patient's face. Clinically, the lesion resembled the lesion of discoid lupus erythematosus and lupus vulgaris but the cutaneous biopsy proved the diagnosis to be LRC. |
| PMID: 22337728 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | Vet Parasitol. 2012 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]Efficacy of 65% permethrin applied to dogs as a spot-on against Phlebotomus perniciosus.Molina R, Espinosa-Góngora C, Gálvez R, Montoya A, Descalzo MA, Jiménez MI, Dado D, Miró G.SourceServicio de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo s/n, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain. AbstractLeishmania infantum is a protozoan parasite causing leishmaniosis, a visceral disease transmitted by the bites of sand flies. As the main reservoir of the parasite, dogs are the principal targets of control measures against this disease, which affects both humans and dogs. Several studies have revealed the usefulness of topical insecticide treatment (collars, spot-ons and sprays) in reducing the incidence and prevalence of L. infantum. The present study was designed to test the efficacy of 65% permethrin applied to dogs as a spot-on against the sand fly vector Phlebotomus perniciosus. The duration of the desired effects was also estimated to help design an optimal treatment regimen. Twelve dogs assigned to treatment (n=6) and control (n=6) groups were exposed to sand flies once a week over a seven-week period. Repellent and insecticidal efficacies were estimated and compared amongst the groups. Our findings indicate satisfactory repellent, or anti-feeding, effects lasting 3 weeks and short-term insecticidal effects lasting 2 weeks after initial application. Accordingly, we recommend the use of this product every 2-3 weeks during the active phlebotomine sand fly period to protect dogs against the bites of P. perniciosus. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 22336773 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Eur J Med Chem. 2012 Jan 30. [Epub ahead of print]Synthesis and anti-leishmanial activity of 5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines containing N-[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] moieties.Tahghighi A, Razmi S, Mahdavi M, Foroumadi P, Ardestani SK, Emami S, Kobarfard F, Dastmalchi S, Shafiee A, Foroumadi A.SourceDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. AbstractA novel series of 5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines were synthesized by introducing N-[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] moiety as a new functionality on the C-2 amine of thiadiazole ring via click chemistry. The title compounds namely, N-[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines (3a-n) were characterized by IR, NMR and MS spectra. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-leishmanial activity against promostigote form of the Leishmania major. Most compounds exhibited good anti-leishmanial activity against the promastigote form of L. major. The most active compound against promostigotes was found to be 4-methylbenzyl analog 3i, which significantly decreases the number of intracellular amastigotes per macrophage, percentage of macrophage infectivity and infectivity index. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
| PMID: 22336386 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | Microb Cell Fact. 2012 Feb 15;11(1):23. [Epub ahead of print]Expression and extracellular release of a functional anti-trypanosome Nanobody(R) in Sodalis glossinidius, a bacterial symbiont of the tsetse fly.De Vooght L, Caljon G, Stijlemans B, De Beatselier P, Coosemans M, Van Den Abbeele J.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Sodalis glossinidius, a gram-negative bacterial endosymbiont of the tsetse fly, has been proposed as a potential in vivo drug delivery vehicle to control trypanosome parasite development in the fly, an approach known as paratransgenesis. Despite this interest of S. glossinidius as a paratransgenic platform organism in tsetse flies, few potential effector molecules have been identified so far and to date none of these molecules have been successfully expressed in this bacterium. RESULTS:In this study, S. glossinidius was transformed to express a single domain antibody, (Nanobody(R)) Nb_An33, that efficiently targets conserved cryptic epitopes of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Next, we analyzed the capability of two predicted secretion signals to direct the extracellular delivery of significant levels of active Nb_An33. We show that the pelB leader peptide was successful in directing the export of fully functional Nb_An33 to the periplasm of S. glossinidius resulting in significant levels of extracellular release. Finally, S. glossinidius expressing pelBNb_An33 exhibited no significant reduction in terms of fitness, determined by in vitro growth kinetics, compared to the wild-type strain. CONCLUSIONS:These data are the first demonstration of the expression and extracellular release of functional trypanosome-interfering Nanobodies(R) in S. glossinidius. Furthermore, Sodalis strains that efficiently released the effector protein were not affected in their growth, suggesting that they may be competitive with endogenous microbiota in the midgut environment of the tsetse fly. Collectively, these data reinforce the notion for the potential of S. glossinidius to be developed into a paratransgenic platform organism. |
| PMID: 22335892 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 5. | J Cutan Pathol. 2012 Mar;39(3):347-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01861.x.Molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis and species identification: analysis of 122 biopsies with varied parasite index .Yehia L, Adib-Houreih M, Raslan WF, Kibbi AG, Loya A, Firooz A, Satti M, El-Sabban M, Khalifeh I.SourceDepartment of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Pathology, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syrian Arab Republic Department of Pathology, Dhahran Health Services, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Center and Research Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Center of Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. AbstractBackground: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in the Middle East and North Africa. Confirming the diagnosis histologically depends on amastigote identification, which varies significantly depending on the inoculum, strain type, host response and disease stage. Accurate histological diagnosis is mandatory for appropriate therapy. Methods: Skin biopsies from 122 patients from Lebanon, Syria and Saudi Arabia with clinical diagnosis of untreated leishmaniasis were reviewed and clinical data extracted. Cases were classified according to the modified Ridley's parasitic index. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using Leishmania-specific ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1-PCR). Nested ITS1-PCR was performed on cases negative for conventional ITS1-PCR. ITS1-PCR amplicons were digested with HaeIII for subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) subspeciation. Results: Of 122 cases, 54 (44.3%) showed a parasitic index of 0-1+ (no unequivocal amastigotes). ITS1-PCR (conventional and nested) was positive for all cases as compared with negative control tissue. RFLP identified Leishmania tropica in all cases. Patients with clinically suspected leishmaniasis, whose skin biopsies failed to detect amastigotes represented 44.3% of our cases. Conclusions: In this study, we describe a rapid and optimized protocol from DNA extraction to leishmaniasis subspeciation. ITS1-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity in confirming clinically suspected cases. Yehia L, Adib-Houreih M, Raslan WF, Kibbi A-G, Loya A, Firooz A, Satti M, El-Sabban M, Khalifeh I. Molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis and species identification: analysis of 122 biopsies with varied parasite index. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. |
| PMID: 22335594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 6. | Infect Immun. 2012 Jan;80(1):169-74. Epub 2011 Oct 24.Conserved regions as markers of different patterns of expression and distribution of the mucin-associated surface proteins of Trypanosoma cruzi.De Pablos LM, Osuna A.SourceInstituto de Biotecnología, Grupo de Bioquímica y Parasitología Molecular, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. AbstractThe MASP gene family is the second most widely represented gene family in the genome of Trypanosoma cruzi. One of its main characteristics is that its 5' and 3' regions are highly conserved. We assessed the expression of these conserved regions as a marker for T. cruzi and also analyzed the expression of the masp genes and MASP proteins. In parasite strains CL-Brener (DTUVI lineage) and PAN4 (DTUI lineage), masp genes were expressed at different levels both with regard to the two strains and between stages in the parasite's life cycle. We also studied the expression of the family during the intracellular cycle of T. cruzi, using antibodies against the conserved MASP signal peptide (SP). Fluorescence intensity showed an increase in expression from 24 h onwards, with a peak in intensity at 72 h postinfection. After 24 and 48 h, the MASP proteins were expressed in 33.33% and 57.14% of the amastigotes, respectively. Our data show that not only the extracellular forms of T. cruzi but also the intracellular phases express this type of protein, though to different extents in the various forms of the parasite. |
| PMID: 22025509 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25935. Epub 2011 Oct 11.Heme-induced ROS in Trypanosoma cruzi activates CaMKII-like that triggers ep imastigote proliferation. One helpful effect of ROS.Nogueira NP, de Souza CF, Saraiva FM, Sultano PE, Dalmau SR, Bruno RE, Gonçalves Rde L, Laranja GA, Leal LH, Coelho MG, Masuda CA, Oliveira MF, Paes MC.SourceLaboratório de Artrópodos Hematófagos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. AbstractHeme is a ubiquitous molecule that has a number of physiological roles. The toxic effects of this molecule have been demonstrated in various models, based on both its pro-oxidant nature and through a detergent mechanism. It is estimated that about 10 mM of heme is released during blood digestion in the blood-sucking bug's midgut. The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, proliferates in the midgut of the insect vector; however, heme metabolism in trypanosomatids remains to be elucidated. Here we provide a mechanistic explanation for the proliferative effects of heme on trypanosomatids. Heme, but not other porphyrins, induced T. cruzi proliferation, and this phenomenon was accompanied by a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in epimastigotes when monitored by ROS-sensitive fluorescent probes. Heme-induced ROS production was time- and concentration-dependent. In addition, lipid peroxidation and the formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) adducts with parasite proteins were increased in epimastigotes in the presence of heme. Conversely, the antioxidants urate and GSH reversed the heme-induced ROS. Urate also decreased parasite proliferation. Among several protein kinase inhibitors tested only specific inhibitors of CaMKII, KN93 and Myr-AIP, were able to abolish heme-induced ROS formation in epimastigotes leading to parasite growth impairment. Taken together, these data provide new insight into T. cruzi- insect vector interactions: heme, a molecule from the blood digestion, triggers epimastigote proliferation through a redox-sensitive signalling mechanism. |
| PMID: 22022475 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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