What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Wednesday, 2012 February 22
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 10 of 35

1.	J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 20. [Epub ahead of print] myo-Inositol uptake is essential for bulk inositol phospholipid but not glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei. Gonzalez-Salgado A, Steinmann M, Greganova E, Rauch M, Mäser P, Sigel E, Bütikofer P. Source University of Bern, Switzerland; Abstract myo-Inositol is an essential precursor for the production of inositol phosphates and inositol phospholipids in all eukaryotes. Intracellular myo-inositol is generated by de novo synthesis from glucose-6-phosphate or provided from the environment via myo-inositol symporters. We show that in Trypanosoma brucei, the causative pathogen of human African sleeping sickness and nagana in domestic animals, myo-inositol is taken up via a specific proton-coupled electrogenic symport and that this transport is essential for parasite survival in culture. Down-regulation of the myo-inositol transporter using RNA interference inhibited uptake of myo-inositol and blocked the synthesis of the myo-inositol-containing phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol and inositolphosphoryl ceramide; in contrast, it had no effect on glycosylphosphatidylinositol production. This together with the unexpected localization of the myo-inositol transporter in both the plasma membrane and the Golgi demonstrates that metabolism of endogenous and exogenous myo-inositol in T. brucei is strictly segregated.
	PMID: 22351763 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2.	Pest Manag Sci. 2012 Feb 20. doi: 10.1002/ps.2278. [Epub ahead of print] Baseline susceptibility of a wild strain of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) to DDT and pyrethroids in an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran.Saeidi Z, Vatandoost H, Akhavan AA, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Rassi Y, Sheikh Z, Arandian MH, Jafari R, Dehkordi AR. Source Department of Medical Entomology and Vetcor Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Abstract BACKGROUND: Phelebotumus papatsi is considered to be the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis as well as sand fly fever in Iran. There are several measures for vector control, with emphasis on insecticides. The objective of this study was to determine the baseline susceptibility of this vector to the commonly used insecticides in an endemic focus of the disease in central Iran. P. papatasi collected from the field were used for susceptibility status. Its baseline susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids was assessed on about 6866 specimens collected from Badrood rural district, Esfahan Province, Iran, during the summer of 2010. The LT(50) and LT(90) values were measured according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) test using probit analysis and regression lines. RESULTS: Results of tests against female P. papatasi revealed LT(50) values to DDT 4%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.1%, cyfluthrin 0.15% and lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% of 1104.97, 182.35, 26.79, 15.42 and 1.48 s respectively. The figures for male P. papatasi were 973.51, 59.5, 4.4, 2.65 and 1.5. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a guideline for implementation of different vector control measures. Furthermore, guidelines are needed for monitoring and evaluation of insecticide susceptibility tests against sand flies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.
	PMID: 22351603 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3.	Parasitol Res. 2012 Feb 21. [Epub ahead of print] First detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in Phlebotomus longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1930 from visceral leishmaniasis endemic focus in Algeria. Berdjane-Brouk Z, Charrel RN, Hamrioui B, Izri A. Source Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Avicenne, Université Paris 13, 93009, Bobigny, France. Abstract Two clinico-epidemiological forms of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum complex are endemic in Algeria: human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the northern part of the country, the Kabylian region is the main endemic HVL focus with more than 200 cases recorded annually. During the summer of 2009, an entomological study was performed in Larbaa Nath Irathen with the aim to identify the vectors of Leishmania and of phleboviruses. In the present paper, we report the results of the Leishmania vectors. In the field, female sand flies, which were alive at collection time, were morphologically identified and examined for the presence of promastigotes. The remaining sandflies (males and dead females) were carried to the laboratory for morphological identification and molecular analysis. Total DNA was extracted from each female sandfly, and ITS2 Leishmania was amplified by PCR. A total of 883 sandfly specimens were collected. Ten distinct species were morphologically identified: one species belonged to the Sergentomyia genus and nine to the Phlebotomus genus. L. infantum DNA was amplified in 1/169 (0.6%) dissected dead females, one Phlebotomus longicuspis. Our data support the Parrot's hypothesis raised in 1941 concerning the role of P. longicuspis in the transmission of L. infantum.
	PMID: 22350715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

4.	Virchows Arch. 2012 Feb 16. [Epub ahead of print] Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with AIDS: early pathological diagnosis using conventional histology, PCR and electron microscopy is the key for adequate treatment. Stenzinger A, Nemeth J, Klauschen F, Schewe C, Ladhoff AM, Muckenhuber A, Schürmann M, Schürmann D, Weichert W. Source Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany, albrecht.stenzinger@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
	PMID: 22350006 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

5.	Vet Parasitol. 2012 Feb 1. [Epub ahead of print] In vitro susceptibility to antimonials and amphotericin B of Leishmania infantum strains isolated from dogs in a region lacking drug selection pressure. Aït-Oudhia K, Gazanion E, Sereno D, Oury B, Dedet JP, Pratlong F, Lachaud L. Source Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, BP 161 Hassan Badi El-Harrach Alger, Algeria; Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 - Université Montpellier 1 "Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs: écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - MiVegec", Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Montpellier, 39, Avenue Charles Flahault, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to anti-leishmanial agents of 24 strains isolated from dogs living in the urban area of Alger lacking drug selection pressure. Two different Leishmania infantum zymodemes, MON-1 and MON-281, were identified in these dogs. The in vitro susceptibility to the main forms of antimonial and amphotericin were assessed on promastigote and amastigote life stages in culture. The results obtained for both parasite life stages were concordant whatever the molecule tested. Moreover, our data showed that isolates belonging to the relatively rare zymodeme of L. infantum, MON-281, were less susceptible to antimony than MON-1, when at the same time there was no significant difference for amphotericin B. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22349936 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

6.	Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Feb 18. [Epub ahead of print] High frequency of asymptomatic Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Orsini M, Canela JR, Disch J, Maciel F, Greco D, Toledo A Jr, Rabello A. Source Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de lima, 1715, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Abstract This study aims at estimating the prevalence of Leishmania infection among HIV-infected patients through the use of non-invasive tests. The study was conducted in three Infectious Diseases Services in two large Brazilian cities, both endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis. Three hundred and eighty-one asymptomatic patients were enrolled whose ages ranged from 19 to 58 years old; 63.5% were men; mean TCD4+ was 380 cells/μl; and mean viral load was 153800 copies/ml. All individuals were tested for Leishmania infection through: ELISA using crude Leishmania infantum (ELISA), ELISA using the recombinant K39 antigen (rK39), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and PCR targeted to kDNA region. The tests' positivity were: 10.8% (ELISA), 3.9% (IFAT), 0.8% (rK39), 6.3% PCR and 20.2% (overall, at least one positive test), with no statistical correlation between positivity and clinical and laboratorial variables. Concordance among tests was low (Kappa <0.20). Prevalence of Leishmania asymptomatic infection was high in this population, reinforcing the need for attention in the evaluation of HIV patients from endemic areas. New efforts are needed to develop more specific and sensitive tests to diagnose Leishmania asymptomatic infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) seems to have a protective role against disease progression in co-infected individuals. Copyright © 2012 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22348817 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

7.	Int J Dermatol. 2012 Mar;51(3):300-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05059.x. Epidemio logical and clinical characteristics of 7172 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa, between 2001 and 2008. Yemisen M, Ulas Y, Celik H, Aksoy N. Source Departments of Infectious Diseases Dermatology, Balikligol State Hospital Department of Biochemistry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Abstract Background  Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa is still a public health problem. In this study, we report the epidemiological, clinical, and demographic properties from Sanliurfa. Materials and Methods  7172 patients followed up in the Sanliurfa Leishmaniasis Treatment Center between January 2001 and December 2008. Results  The rates of male and female patients were 46% and 54% of the 7172 cases, respectively. The incidence of ACL showed a typical trend of an increase between November and May and a decrease in the summer. The face and extremities were the most involved parts of the body. Clinical appearance and Giemsa smear were most used diagnostic tools and intralesional pentavalent antimony compounds were the first choice of treatment. Conclusion  The incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa is still low but not zero. © 2012 The International Society of Dermatology.
	PMID: 22348566 [PubMed - in process]

8.	PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012 Feb;6(2):e1525. Epub 2012 Feb 14. Actigraphy in human african trypanosomiasis as a tool for objective clinical evaluation and monitoring: a pilot study. Njamnshi AK, Seke Etet PF, Perrig S, Acho A, Funsah JY, Mumba D, Muyembe JJ, Kristensson K, Bentivoglio M. Source Neurology Department, Central Hospital Yaoundé/Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Abstract BACKGROUND: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness leads to a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome with characteristic sleep alterations. Current division into a first, hemolymphatic stage and second, meningoencephalitic stage is primarily based on the detection of white blood cells and/or trypanosomes in the cerebrospinal fluid. The validity of this criterion is, however, debated, and novel laboratory biomarkers are under study. Objective clinical HAT evaluation and monitoring is therefore needed. Polysomnography has effectively documented sleep-wake disturbances during HAT, but could be difficult to apply as routine technology in field work. The non-invasive, cost-effective technique of actigraphy has been widely validated as a tool for the ambulatory evaluation of sleep disturbances. In this pilot study, actigraphy was applied to the clinical assessment of HAT patients. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Actigraphy was recorded in patients infected by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, and age- and sex-matched control subjects. Simultaneous nocturnal polysomnography was also performed in the patients. Nine patients, including one child, were analyzed at admission and two of them also during specific treatment. Parameters, analyzed with user-friendly software, included sleep time evaluated from rest-activity signals, rest-activity rhythm waveform and characteristics. The findings showed sleep-wake alterations of various degrees of severity, which in some patients did not parallel white blood cell counts in the cerebrospinal fluid. Actigraphic recording also showed improvement of the analyzed parameters after treatment initiation. Nocturnal polysomnography showed alterations of sleep time closely corresponding to those derived from actigraphy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The data indicate that actigraphy can be an interesting tool for HAT evaluation, providing valuable clinical information through simple technology, well suited also for long-term follow-up. Actigraphy could therefore objectively contribute to the clinical assessment of HAT patients. This method could be incorporated into a clinical scoring system adapted to HAT to be used in the evaluation of novel treatments and laboratory biomarkers.
	PMID: 22348168 [PubMed - in process]
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9.	PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012 Feb;6(2):e1518. Epub 2012 Feb 14. The diverse and dynamic nature of leishmania parasitophorous vacuoles studied by multidimensional imaging. Real F, Mortara RA. Source Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Abstract An important area in the cell biology of intracellular parasitism is the customization of parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) by prokaryotic or eukaryotic intracellular microorganisms. We were curious to compare PV biogenesis in primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages exposed to carefully prepared amastigotes of either Leishmania major or L. amazonensis. While tight-fitting PVs are housing one or two L. major amastigotes, giant PVs are housing many L. amazonensis amastigotes. In this study, using multidimensional imaging of live cells, we compare and characterize the PV biogenesis/remodeling of macrophages i) hosting amastigotes of either L. major or L. amazonensis and ii) loaded with Lysotracker, a lysosomotropic fluorescent probe. Three dynamic features of Leishmania amastigote-hosting PVs are documented: they range from i) entry of Lysotracker transients within tight-fitting, fission-prone L. major amastigote-housing PVs; ii) the decrease in the number of macrophage acidic vesicles during the L. major PV fission or L. amazonensis PV enlargement; to iii) the L. amazonensis PV remodeling after homotypic fusion. The high content information of multidimensional images allowed the updating of our understanding of the Leishmania species-specific differences in PV biogenesis/remodeling and could be useful for the study of other intracellular microorganisms.
	PMID: 22348167 [PubMed - in process]
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10.	PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012 Feb;6(2):e1515. Epub 2012 Feb 14. The influence of sex and fly species on the development of trypanosomes in tsetse flies. Peacock L, Ferris V, Bailey M, Gibson W. Source School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. Abstract Unlike other dipteran disease vectors, tsetse flies of both sexes feed on blood and transmit pathogenic African trypanosomes. During transmission, Trypanosoma brucei undergoes a complex cycle of proliferation and development inside the tsetse vector, culminating in production of infective forms in the saliva. The insect manifests robust immune defences throughout the alimentary tract, which eliminate many trypanosome infections. Previous work has shown that fly sex influences susceptibility to trypanosome infection as males show higher rates of salivary gland (SG) infection with T. brucei than females. To investigate sex-linked differences in the progression of infection, we compared midgut (MG), proventriculus, foregut and SG infections in male and female Glossina morsitans morsitans. Initially, infections developed in the same way in both sexes: no difference was observed in numbers of MG or proventriculus infections, or in the number and type of developmental forms produced. Female flies tended to produce foregut migratory forms later than males, but this had no detectable impact on the number of SG infections. The sex difference was not apparent until the final stage of SG invasion and colonisation, showing that the SG environment differs between male and female flies. Comparison of G. m. morsitans with G. pallidipes showed a similar, though less pronounced, sex difference in susceptibility, but additionally revealed very different levels of trypanosome resistance in the MG and SG. While G. pallidipes was more refractory to MG infection, a very high proportion of MG infections led to SG infection in both sexes. It appears that the two fly species use different strategies to block trypanosome infection: G. pallidipes heavily defends against initial establishment in the MG, while G. m. morsitans has additional measures to prevent trypanosomes colonising the SG, particularly in female flies. We conclude that the tsetse-trypanosome interface works differently in G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes.
	PMID: 22348165 [PubMed - in process]
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