What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Saturday, 2012 March 10
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

Items 1 - 10 of 13

1.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Mar;86(3):434-40. Leishmaniasis in the United States: treatment in 2012. Murray HW. Source Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. Abstract Abstract. Although civilian physicians in the United States seldom encounter patients with leishmaniasis, therapeutic advances in endemic regions have opened the door to approaches that can be applied in this country. Advances revolve around the use of oral miltefosine in all forms of leishmaniasis and the use of short-course intravenous liposomal amphotericin B in visceral and possibly cutaneous infection. Lengthy, traditional intravenous treatment with pentavalent antimony (sodium stibogluconate) still has a role in the United States; however, although expensive, miltefosine and liposomal amphotericin B are considerably more appealing selections for initial therapy.
	PMID: 22403313 [PubMed - in process]

2.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Mar;86(3):426-33. Epidemiological and Clinical Changes in American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in an Area of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Transmission Over a 20-Year Period. Jirmanus L, Glesby MJ, Guimarães LH, Lago E, Rosa ME, Machado PR, Carvalho EM. Source Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (CNPq/MCT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Abstract Abstract. The Health Post of Corte de Pedra is located in a region endemic for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and it treats 500-1,300 patients annually. To describe temporal changes in the epidemiology of ATL, we reviewed a random sample of 10% of patient charts (N = 1,209) from 1988 to 2008. There was a twofold increase in the number of cases over the 20-year period, with fluctuations in 10-year cycles. Patients were most frequently male, between the ages of 10 and 30 years, and engaged in agricultural labor; 4.3% of patients had mucosal disease, and 2.4% of patients had disseminated disease. Over the study period, the number of disseminated cases increased threefold, the proportion of cases in younger patients and agricultural workers decreased, and the proportion of patients residing in coastal areas increased. ATL is on the rise in Bahia, with a 10-year periodicity and evolving changes in epidemiology and manifestations of disease.
	PMID: 22403312 [PubMed - in process]

3.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Mar;86(3):417-25. The economic value of a visceral leishmaniasis vaccine in bihar state, India. Lee BY, Bacon KM, Shah M, Kitchen SB, Connor DL, Slayton RB. Source Public Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Abstract Abstract. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality and current available treatments have many limitations. The ability of VL infection to generate life-long immunity offers promise for the development of a VL vaccine. A VL vaccine candidate has recently completed phase I clinical trials. We constructed a computer simulation model to determine the potential economic value of a VL vaccine in the endemic region of Bihar state, India. Results found a potential vaccine to be cost-effective (and in many cases economically dominant, i.e., saving costs and providing health benefits) throughout a wide range of vaccination costs and vaccine efficacies, and VL risks. Overall, our study strongly supports the continued development of a VL vaccine.
	PMID: 22403311 [PubMed - in process]

4.	Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Mar;86(3):412-6. Identification of a Western Blot Pattern for the Specific Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Human Sera. Riera C, Verges M, Iniesta L, Fisa R, Gállego M, Tebar S, Portús M. Source Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Abstract Abstract. A Western blot (WB) method using a lysate from Trypanosoma cruzi (Maracay strain) epimastigotes was evaluated. Serum samples from 37 patients with confirmed Chagas disease (cohort I), 27 Spanish patients with visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum (cohort II), and 28 Colombian patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. panamensis and negative serology for Chagas disease (cohort III) were tested. The negative controls were 55 healthy seronegative subjects for T. cruzi and Leishmania; 28 of the negative controls were from a region endemic for Chagas disease and Leishmania (cohort IV), and 27 of the negative controls were from a non-endemic area for Leishmania and T. cruzi (cohort V). A homogeneous standard band pattern consisting of six antigenic bands corresponding to 28, 32, 38, 39, 40, and 48 kDa was recognized simultaneously for all Chagasic patients' sera. Sera from Leishmania-infected patients showed a heterogeneous band pattern that was easily differentiated from the pattern of patients with Chagas disease. WB with T. cruzi epimastigote antigen is an efficient method for diagnosis and may be used as an alternative to confirm T. cruzi and detect cross-reactivity with Leishmania.
	PMID: 22403310 [PubMed - in process]

5.	Parasit Vectors. 2012 Mar 9;5(1):49. [Epub ahead of print] First case of Anaplasma platys infection in a dog from Croatia. Dyachenko V, Pantchev N, Balzer HJ, Meyersen A, Straubinger RK. Abstract ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It is known that Anaplasma (A.) platys, the causative agent of infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia, is endemic in countries of the Mediterranean basin. However, few reports are available from the Balkans. This case report describes a dog, which was imported from Croatia to Germany in May 2010. One month later the dog was presented to a local veterinarian in Germany due to intermittent/recurrent diarrhoea. Diagnostic tests were performed to identify infections caused by Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Hepatozoon canis, Babesia spp., Leishmania spp., Borrelia burgdorferi and/or Dirofilaria immitis. FINDINGS: Haematological examination of a blood smear revealed basophilic inclusions in thrombocytes, which were confirmed as A. platys with a species-specific real-time PCR. Additionally, an infection with Babesia (B.) vogeli was also detected (PCR and serology). No specific antibodies against Anaplasma antigen were detectable. Although the dog showed no specific clinical signs, thrombocytopenia, anaemia and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) were observed. Sequencing of a 1,348-bp partial ribosomal RNA gene revealed highest homology to A. platys sequences from Thailand, Japan and France. CONCLUSIONS: A. platys was detected for first time in a dog imported from Croatia. As the dog was also co-infected by B. vogeli, unique serological and haematological findings were recorded. Thrombocytopenia, anaemia and elevated values of C-reactive protein were the laboratory test abnormalities observed in this case. A. platys infections should be considered in dogs coming from Croatia and adjacent regions.
	PMID: 22401583 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

6.	Dermatol Online J. 2012 Feb 15;18(2):4. Clinical spectrum of cutaneous leishmaniasis: An overview from Pakistan. Bari AU. Source Department of Dermatology, CMH, Peshawar, Pakistan. Abstract The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis encompasses subclinical (inapparent), localized (skin lesions), and disseminated infection (cutaneous, mucosal, or visceral). The clinico-pathological picture of cutaneous leishmaniasis is variable and depends not only on the leishmania species but also on endemic region, host factors, and immuno-inflammatory responses. Symptomatic disease is subacute or chronic and diverse in presentation and outcome. Pakistan is one of the countries in which cutaneous leishmaniasis is becoming an epidemic disease and because of its morbidity and disfiguring scars, it is considered a serious public health problem. This is an attempt to review the clinical spectrum of old world cutaneous leishmaniasis, classical and unusual clinical presentations, occurring in Pakistan.
	PMID: 22398225 [PubMed - in process]
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7.	Rev Neurol (Paris). 2012 Mar 5. [Epub ahead of print] [Sleeping sickness: End of the epidemic outbreak?] [Article in French] Bisser S, Courtioux B. Source Inserm UMR 1094, neuroépidémiologie tropicale, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, faculté de pharmacie, institut d'épidémiologie neurologique et de neurologie tropicale, université Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France. Abstract Sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by tsetse flies and therefore confined to its habitat, the central part of the African continent. Two disease forms are linked to two different parasites: T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense. Actual epidemiological data and precise and dynamic mapping of foci are in favor of a real decrease of the disease. Not all areas are under control and resurgence can still not be avoided from the remote areas where the disease is endemic. However, recent advances in knowledge in parasite genetics are giving hope of control. In 2009, for the first time since 50 years, less than 10,000 cases were declared to the World Health Organization. Clinical trials allowed revising some clinical concepts and linking them with parasite genetics: both disease forms can show variations from asymptomatic, chronic to acute and are linked to genetic differences in the host or the parasite. Parasitological diagnosis may be facilitated by the introduction of individual rapid tests and PCR-based field tests. Knowledge in mechanisms of brain invasion and screenings of inflammatory molecules allow new marker combinations for staging but they do not avoid lumbar puncture. Therapeutic options remain limited but there is hope to develop a new drug orally available in a near future. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22398218 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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8.	Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012 Mar 5. [Epub ahead of print] In vitro evaluation of bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives loaded into pegylated nanoparticles against Leishmania inf antum protozoa. Costa Lima S, Rodrigues V, Garrido J, Borges F, Kong Thoo Lin P, Cordeiro da Silva A. Source Parasite Disease Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. Abstract Bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives have recently been shown to have potential as antileishmanial agents. However, these compounds have some drawbacks, including their low aqueous solubility and some toxic effects. In this study, we designed a drug delivery system for enhanced delivery of BNIP derivative compounds whilst reducing adverse toxic effects, and hence increasing their biological efficacy. A coated drug delivery system based on polymeric nanoparticles of pegylated poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biodegradable polymer, was successfully achieved. The pegylated PLA nanoformulations loaded with BNIP derivatives were evaluated in an in vitro model of intracellular amastigotes in murine J774 and human THP-1 cells for visceral leishmaniasis using luciferase-expressing Leishmania infantum parasites. Pegylation of PLA nanoparticles significantly reduced the capacity of empty nanoparticles in inhibiting intracellular parasite growth. The BNIP derivatives BNIPDadec and BNIPDaoct exhibited EC(50) values (concentration of compound necessary to decrease cell viability to 50% of the untreated control) of ca. 4.5μM for THP-1 and J774 cells and ca. 9.0μM for mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Nanoparticle encapsulation of the BNIP derivative compounds decreased their toxicity towards macrophages by ≥10-fold as evaluated by the MTT assay. The antileishmanial activity of free BNIPDadec was 1.02±0.41μM and 0.73±0.06μM for THP-1 and J774 macrophages, respectively. Pegylation of PLA nanoparticles loaded with BNIPDadec resulted in EC(50) values of 1.43±0.63μM and 1.79±0.77μM for THP-1 and J774 macrophages, respectively. A similar trend was observed for free BNIPDaoct and pegylated BNIPDaoct PLA nanoparticles (2.43±0.19μM and 1.23±0.40μM for THP-1 macrophages and 1.36±0.17μM and 1.52±0.57μM for J774 macrophages). The nanoformulations were more efficient in reducing parasitic growth inside human macrophages than in murine cells, suggesting host cell-dependent metabolism. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22398197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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9.	Biomed Pharmacother. 2012 Feb 17. [Epub ahead of print] Preparation and antiprotozoal evaluation of promising β-carboline alkaloids. Gellis A, Dumètre A, Lanzada G, Hutter S, Ollivier E, Vanelle P, Azas N. Source UMR CNRS 6264, laboratoire chimie provence, Aix-Marseille université-laboratoire de pharmacochimie radicalaire, faculté de pharmacie, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France. Abstract The synthesis of β-carbolines and their in vitro antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities were described herein. These molecules have also been studied concerning their in vitro cytotoxicity toward the human cell line THP1, in order to calculate their respective selectivity indexes (SI). Among the 20 tested molecules, four exhibited significant antiplasmodial activity on the W2 multi-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (0.7<IC(50)<1.7μM), in comparison with two references drugs (chloroquine and doxycycline), and a low cytotoxicity. These β-carbolines were also evaluated concerning their in vitro antileshmanial activity on Leishmania donovani promastigotes, permitting to identify an antileshmanial hit compound, displaying quite promising activity (IC(50)=6.1μM) in comparison with amphotericin B and pentamidine chosen as reference drugs. Finally, structure-activity relationships were discussed, pointing out that molecules presenting a para-substituted phenyl moiety at position 1 of the β-carboline ring displayed the best biological profile. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
	PMID: 22397756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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10.	Parasit Vectors. 2012 Mar 7;5(1):46. [Epub ahead of print] Insecticide resistance in the sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi from Khartoum State, Sudan. Hassan MM, Widaa SO, Osman OM, Numiary MS, Ibrahim MA, Abushama HM. Abstract ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Phlebotomus papatasi the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most widely spread sand fly in Sudan. No data has previously been collected on insecticide susceptibility and/or resistance of this vector, and a first study to establish a baseline data is reported here. METHODS: Sand flies were collected from Surogia village, (Khartoum State), Rahad Game Reserve (eastern Sudan) and White Nile area (Central Sudan) using light traps. Sand flies were reared in Tropical Medicine Research Institute laboratory. The insecticide susceptibility status of first progeny (F1) of P. papatasi of each population was tested using WHO insecticide kits. Also, P. papatasi specimens from Surogia village and Rahad Game Reserve were assayed for activities of enzyme systems involved in insecticide resistance (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), non-specific carboxylesterases (EST), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (Cyt p450). RESULTS: Populations of P. papatasi from White Nile and Rahad Game Reserve were sensitive to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), permethrin, malathion, and propoxur. However, P. papatasi population from Surogia village was sensitive to DDT and permethrin but highly resistant to malathion and propoxur. Furthermore, P. papatasi of Surogia village had significantly higher insecticide detoxification enzyme activity than of those of Rahad Game Reserve. The sand fly population in Surogia displayed high AChE activity and only three specimens had elevated levels for EST and GST. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided evidence for malathion and propoxur resistance in sand fly population of Surogia village, which probably resulted from anti-malarial control activities carried out in the area during the past 50 years.
	PMID: 22397726 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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