What's new for 'Trypanosomatids' in PubMed

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Sent on Thursday, 2012 May 17
Search: kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"

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PubMed Results

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1.	J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 May 15. [Epub ahead of print] Glycyrrhizic acid suppresses Cox-2-mediated anti-inflammatory responses during Leishmania donovani infection. Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharjee A, Majumder S, Majumdar SB, Majumdar S. Source Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India. Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to characterize glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and assess its immunomodulatory potential in a model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. METHODS: The antileishmanial activity of GA was tested in an amastigote-macrophage model and its non-cytotoxic dose was measured by a cell viability assay. To understand the effector mechanism of GA-treated macrophages against leishmanial parasites, real-time PCR analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2) was carried out followed by measurement of nitric oxide generation by Griess reagent. The effect of GA on the production of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, was measured by ELISA (protein) and real-time PCR. The expression of iNOS2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) was studied by western blotting. The parasite burden of the liver and spleen following GA treatment was determined by the stamp-smear method, and T cell proliferation was assessed via [(3)H]thymidine uptake, measured by a liquid scintillation counter. RESULTS: Results showed that GA treatment caused an enhanced expression of iNOS2 along with inhibition of Cox-2 in Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages. GA treatment in infected macrophages enhanced the expression of IL-12 and TNF-α, concomitant with a down-regulation of IL-10 and TGF-β. GA increased macrophage effector responses via inhibition of Cox-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 release in L. donovani-infected macrophages. GA also decreased hepatic and splenic parasite burden and increased T cell proliferation in Leishmania-infected BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a mechanistic understanding of GA-mediated protection against leishmanial parasites within the host.
	PMID: 22589456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2.	Parasite Immunol. 2012 May 15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01370.x. [Epub ahead of print] Leishmania (v.) Braziliensis and l. (l.) Amazonensis promote differential expression of dendritic cells and cellular immune response in murine model. Carvalho A, Silveira F, Passero L, Gomes C, Corbett C, Laurenti M. Source Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, Pará State, Brazil Tropical Medicine Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Abstract The expression of Langerhans cell (LC) and dermal dendritic cell (dDC) as well as T CD4(+) and CD8(+) immune responses was evaluated in the skin of BALB/c mice experimentally infected by L. (L.) amazonensis (La) and L. (V.) braziliensis (Lb). At 4(th) and 8(th) weeks post infection, skin biopsies were collected to determine the parasite load and CD207(+) , CD11c(+) , CD4(+) , CD8(+) , iNOS(+) cellular densities. Cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10) profiles were also analyzed in draining lymph node. At 4(th) week, the densities of CD207(+) and CD11c(+) were higher in the La infection, while in the Lb infection, these markers revealed a significant increase at 8(th) week. At 4(th) week, CD4(+) and CD8(+) were higher in the La infection, but at 8(th) week, there was a substantial increase of both markers in the Lb infection. iNOS(+) was higher in the Lb infection at 4(th) and 8(th) weeks. In contrast, the parasite load was higher in the La infection at 4(th) and 8(th) weeks. The concentration of IFN-γ was higher in the Lb infection; but IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in the La infection at 4(th) and 8(th) weeks. These results confirm the role of the Leishmania species in the BALB/c mice disease characterized by differences in the expression of dendritic cells and cellular immune response. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
	PMID: 22587683 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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