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Sent on Thursday, 2010 Feb 11Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Parasit Vectors. 2010 Jan 11;3:2.Canine and feline vector-borne diseases in Italy: current situation and perspectives.Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F.Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Zootecnia, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy. In Italy, dogs and cats are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. Ticks, fleas, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized vectors of pathogens affecting cats and dogs, some of which (e.g., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dipylidium caninum, Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria immitis, and Dirofilaria repens) are of zoonotic concern. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of fleas as vectors of pathogens of zoonotic relevance (e.g., Rickettsia felis) in this country. While some arthropod vectors (e.g., ticks and fleas) are present in certain Italian regions throughout the year, others (e.g., phlebotomine sand flies) are most active during the summer season. Accordingly, control strategies, such as those relying on the systematic use of acaricides and insecticides, should be planned on the basis of the ecology of both vectors and pathogens in different geographical areas in order to improve their effectiveness in reducing the risk of infection by vector-borne pathogens. This article reviews the current situation and perspectives of canine and feline vector-borne diseases in Italy. |
| PMID: 20145730 [PubMed] | |
| 2. | J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:752698. Epub 2010 Jan 17.An Experimental Approach for the Identification of Conserved Secreted Proteins in Trypanosomatids.Corrales RM, Mathieu-Daudé F, Garcia D, Brenière SF, Sereno D.Département Sociétés et Santé, UR016 Caractérisation et contrôle des populations de vecteurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France. Extracellular factors produced by Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei are important in the host-parasite relationship. Here, we describe a genome-based approach to identify putative extracellular proteins conserved among trypanosomatids that are likely involved in the classical secretory pathway. Potentially secreted proteins were identified by bioinformatic analysis of the T. cruzi genome. A subset of thirteen genes encoding unknown proteins with orthologs containing a signal peptide sequence in L. infantum, L. major, and T. brucei were transfected into L. infantum. Tagged proteins detected in the extracellular medium confirmed computer predictions in about 25% of the hits. Secretion was confirmed for two L. infantum orthologs proteins using the same experimental system. Infectivity studies of transgenic Leishmania parasites suggest that one of the secreted proteins increases parasite replication inside macrophages. This methodology can identify conserved secreted proteins involved in the classical secretory pathway, and they may represent potential virulence factors in trypanosomatids. |
| PMID: 20145711 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 3. | J Biomed Biotechnol. 2009;2009:950864. Epub 2010 Jan 21.Identification of the Leishmania major Proteins LmjF07.0430, LmjF07.0440, and LmjF27.2440 as Components of Fatty Acid Synthase II.Gurvitz A.Section of Physiology of Lipid Metabolism, Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Leishmania major causes leishmaniasis and is grouped within the Trypanosomatidae family, which also includes the etiologic agent for African sleeping sickness, Trypanosoma brucei. Previous studies on T. brucei showed that acyl carrier protein (ACP) of mitochondrial fatty acid synthase type 2 (FASII) plays a crucial role in parasite survival. Additionally, 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase TbKASIII as well as TbHTD2 representing 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase were also identified; however, 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase TbKAR1 has hitherto evaded positive identification. Here, potential Leishmania FASII components LmjF07.0440 and LmjF07.0430 were revealed as 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratases LmHTD2-1 and LmHTD2-2, respectively, whereas LmjF27.2440 was identified as LmKAR1. These Leishmania proteins were ectopically expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae htd2Delta or oar1Delta respiratory deficient cells lacking the corresponding mitochondrial FASII enzymes Htd2p and Oar1p. Yeast mutants producing mitochondrially targeted versions of the parasite proteins resembled the self-complemented cells for respiratory growth. This is the first identification of a FASII-like 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase from a kinetoplastid parasite. |
| PMID: 20145708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 4. | J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:418157. Epub 2010 Jan 20.Characterization of Major Surface Protease Homologues of Trypanosoma congolense.Marcoux V, Wei G, Tabel H, Bull HJ.Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, A302 Health Science Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5. Trypanosomes encode a family of proteins known as Major Surface Metalloproteases (MSPs). We have identified six putative MSPs encoded within the partially sequenced T. congolense genome. Phylogenic analysis indicates that T. congolense MSPs belong to five subfamilies that are conserved among African trypanosome species. Molecular modeling, based on the known structure of Leishmania Major GP63, reveals subfamily-specific structural variations around the putative active site despite conservation of overall structure, suggesting that each MSP subfamily has evolved to recognize distinct substrates. We have cloned and purified a protein encoding the amino-terminal domain of the T. congolense homologue TcoMSP-D (most closely related to Leishmania GP63). We detect TcoMSP-D in the serum of T. congolense-infected mice. Mice immunized with the amino-terminal domain of TcoMSP-D generate a persisting IgG1 antibody response. Surprisingly, a low-dose challenge of immunized mice with T. congolense significantly increases susceptibility to infection, indicating that immunity to TcoMSP-D is a factor affecting virulence. |
| PMID: 20145707 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 5. | J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:181690. Epub 2010 Jan 26.BALB/c Mice Vaccinated with Leishmania major Ribosomal Proteins Extracts Combined with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Become Resistant to Disease Caused by a Secondary Parasite Challenge.Ramírez L , Iborra S, Cortés J, Bonay P, Alonso C, Barral-Netto M, Soto M.Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. Leishmaniasis is an increasing public health problem and effective vaccines are not currently available. We have previously demonstrated that vaccination with ribosomal proteins extracts administered in combination of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides protects susceptible BALB/c mice against primary Leishmania major infection. Here, we evaluate the long-term immunity to secondary infection conferred by this vaccine. We show that vaccinated and infected BALB/c mice were able to control a secondary Leishmania major challenge, since no inflammation and very low number of parasites were observed in the site of reinfection. In addition, although an increment in the parasite burden was observed in the draining lymph nodes of the primary site of infection we did not detected inflammatory lesions at that site. Resistance against reinfection correlated to a predominant Th1 response against parasite antigens. Thus, cell cultures established from spleens and the draining lymph node of the secondary site of infection produced high levels of parasite specific IFN-gamma in the absence of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokine production. In addition, reinfected mice showed a high IgG2a/IgG1 ratio for anti-Leishmania antibodies. Our results suggest that ribosomal vaccine, which prevents pathology in a primary challenge, in combination with parasite persistence might be effective for long-term maintenance of immunity. |
| PMID: 20145701 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 6. | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print]Constructive neutral evolution cannot explain current kinetoplastid panediting patterns.Speijer D.Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. |
| PMID: 20145105 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 7. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Feb 9. [Epub ahead of print]Dinitroaniline Activity in Toxoplasma gondii Expressing Wild-type or Mutant Alpha-Tubulin.Ma C, Tran J, Gu F, Ochoa R, Li C, Sept D, Werbovetz K, Morrissette N.Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099; Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Ohio State University, 332 Parks Hall, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1291; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110. The human parasite Toxoplasma gondii is sensitive to dinitroaniline compounds which selectively disrupt microtubules in diverse protozoa but which have no detectable effect on vertebrate host cell microtubules or other functions. Replication of wild type T. gondii is inhibited by 0.5-2.5 muM oryzalin, but mutant parasites harboring amino acid substitutions in the predicted dinitroaniline binding site confer resistance up to 40 muM oryzalin. However, the precise interaction between dinitroanilines and the binding site in alpha-tubulin remains unclear. We have investigated the activity of 12 dinitroanilines and the related compound amiprophos methyl on wild-type and dinitroaniline-resistant parasite lines that contain proposed binding site mutations. These data indicate that dinitramine is the most effective dinitroaniline to inhibit Toxoplasma growth in wild-type parasites and most resistant lines. Dinitramine has an amine group at the meta position not present in any of the other dinitroanilines tested here that is predicted to form hydrogen-bonds with residues Arg2 and Gln133 according to docking data. Remarkably, although the binding site mutation Ile235Val confers increased resistance to most dinitroanilines, it confers increased sensitivity to GB-II-5, a compound optimized for activity against kinetoplastid tubulin. Kinetoplastid parasites have a valine at position 235 of alpha-tubulin whereas apicomplexan parasites have an isoleucine at this site. We suggest that this heterogeneity in binding site environment influences relative dinitroaniline sensitivity in distinct protozoan lineages and hypothesize that a mutation that makes the apicomplexan dinitroaniline binding site more like the kinetoplastid site increases sensitivity to a dinitroaniline optimized for activity in the latter parasites. |
| PMID: 20145086 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 8. | Dev Comp Immunol. 2010 Feb 5. [Epub ahead of print]Infection with the trypanosome Crithidia bombi and expression of immune-related genes in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris.Schlüns H, Sadd BM, Schmid-Hempel P, Crozier RH.School of Marine and Tropical Biology, Centre for Comparative Genomics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. Social bees and other insects are frequently parasitized by a large range of different microorganisms. Among these is Crithidia bombi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a common gut parasite of bumblebees, Bombus spp. (Insecta: Apidae). Bumblebees are important pollinators in commercial and natural environments. There are clear detrimental effects of C. bombi infections on the fitness of bumblebees. However, little has been known about how the bee's immune system responds to infections with trypanosome parasites. Here, we study the immune response of B. terrestris on infection by C. bombi. We measured the expression of four immune-related genes (Hemomucin, MyD88, Relish, and TEP7) using RT-qPCR in adult B. terrestris workers that were either healthy or infected with the trypanosome parasite C. bombi. The potential recognition gene Hemomucin was significantly upregulated in the infected bees. Further, there was substantial and significant variation in all four genes among different bumblebee colonies irrespective of infection status. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
| PMID: 20144650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
| 9. | PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Nov 24;3(11):e471.Improved Models of Mini Anion Exchange Centrifugation Technique (mAECT) and Modified Single Centrifugation (MSC) for sleeping sickness diagnosis and staging.Büscher P, Mumba Ngoyi D, Kaboré J, Lejon V, Robays J, Jamonneau V, Bebronne N, Van der Veken W, Biéler S.Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. pbuscher@itg.be PMCID: PMC2775158 |
| PMID: 19936296 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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