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Sent on Wednesday, 2011 Feb 23Search kinetoplastids OR kinetoplastid OR Kinetoplastida OR "trypanosoma brucei" OR leishmania OR brucei OR leishmaniasis OR "African trypanosomiasis"
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| PubMed Results |
| 1. | Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011 Feb;44(1):127.[Can yeast-like form of Sporothrix schenckii confuse the direct parasitological diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis?][Article in Portuguese] Mello CX, Schubach AD, Madeira MD.Leishmaniasis Surveillance Laboratory, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. |
| PMID: 21340427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 2. | Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011 Feb;44(1):76-78.[Evidence of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis by Lutzomyia cruzi in the municipality of Jaciara, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.][Article in Portuguese] Missawa NA, Veloso MA, Maciel GB, Michalsky EM, Dias ES.Laboratório de Entomologia, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT. AbstractINTRODUCTION: The municipality of Jaciara was classified in 2003 as a transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis in outbreak situations. This study aimed to establish evidence of transmission of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi by Lutzomyia cruzi in the municipality of Jaciara, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: This municipality is located 127 km from the state capital (Cuiabá) and is an important center for ecotourism practitioners. Females of Lutzomyia cruzi, captured using CDC traps, were dissected to confirm the species and stored at -20ºC in pools of 10 individuals for DNA extraction, generic PCR, specific RFLP and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. RESULTS: The entomological survey showed abundant occurrence of Lutzomyia cruzi and absence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (the main vector for Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi). One of the three samples showed a characteristic DNA band from Leishmania (120 bp) in generic PCR. To confirm the Leishmania species via RFLP, positive controls for Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi digested with restriction enzyme HaeIII were used. A pattern of bands similar to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi was found in one sample, thus confirming the detection of natural infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi in Lutzomyia cruzi. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrences of positive cases in humans and dogs, the presence of Lutzomyia cruzi and the absence of Lutzomyia longipalpis together with the detection of natural infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, indicate that Lutzomyia cruzi participates in visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Jaciara, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. |
| PMID: 21340413 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 3. | Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011 Feb;44(1):58-62.[Natural infection with Leishmania infantum chagasi in Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) sandflies captured in the municipality of Janaúba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.][Article in Portuguese] Michalsky EM, Guedes KD, Lara E Silva FD, França-Silva JC, Dias CL, Barata RA, Dias ES.Laboratório de Leishmaniose, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG. AbstractINTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis has been notified in nearly all states of Brazil, and particularly in the north of Minas Gerais, where the disease is endemic. The aim of this study was to detect natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis and, through the PCR/RFLP technique, identify Leishmania species found in sandflies in the municipality of Janaúba. METHODS: Using light traps, 1,550 females of L. longipalpis were caught and grouped into pools of 10 specimens to be subjected to DNA extraction and amplification, by means of generic PCR and cacophony. RESULTS: Out of the 155 pools, six were positive for Leishmania sp., and thus the infection rate in the municipality was 3.9%. Through PCR/RFLP, the digestion pattern among the positive samples was found to be similar to that of the reference strain of Leishmania chagasi (MHOM/BR/74/PP75). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of natural infection associated with studies on the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis suggests that L. longipalpis is involved in transmission of L. infantum chagasi in Janaúba, particularly in areas of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis. |
| PMID: 21340410 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 4. | Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011 Feb;106(1):23-31.Immune and inflammatory responses to Leishmania amazonensis isolated from different clinical forms of human leishmaniasis in CBA mice.Souza VL, Veras PS, Welby-Borges M, Silva TM, Leite BR, Ferraro RB, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Barral A, Costa JM, Freitas LA.Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil. AbstractLeishmania amazonensis causes different diseases depending on the host and parasitic virulence factors. In this study, CBA mice were infected with L. amazonensis isolates from patients with localized (Ba125), diffuse cutaneous (Ba276) or visceral leishmaniasis (Ba109). Mice infected with Ba125 and Ba276 progressed rapidly and lesions displayed an infiltrate rich in parasitized macrophages and were necrotic and ulcerated. Ba109 induced smaller lesions and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate without necrosis or ulceration. Ba109 induced an insidious disease with lower parasite load in CBA mice, similar to human disease. Levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 did not differ among the groups. Because all groups were unable to control the infection, expression of IL-4 associated with low production of IFN-γ in the early phase of infection may account for susceptibility, but others factors may contribute to the differences observed in inflammatory responses and infection progression. Evaluation of some parasitic virulence factors revealed that Ba276 exhibits higher ecto-ADPase and 5'-nucleotidase activities compared to the Ba109 and Ba125 strains. Both Ba276 and Ba125 had higher arginase activity in comparison to Ba109. Finally, these data suggest that the differences in enzyme activities among parasites can account for differences in host inflammatory responses and infection progression. |
| PMID: 21340351 [PubMed - in process] | |
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| 5. | Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2010 Dec;54(9):785-792.[Metabolic disorders in emerging and neglected infectious diseases.][Article in Portuguese] Ponte CM, Gurgel MH, Ponte GA, Ramos AV, Montenegro Júnior RM.Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. AbstractThe gradual and progressive replacement of infectious and parasitic by chronic diseases as causes of morbidity and mortality, characterizing the process of epidemiological transition hasn't been observed in various populations, especially in underdeveloped or developing countries characterizing a superposition of these profiles (incomplete transition). Besides the increased prevalence of metabolic disorders, various infectious diseases remain endemic in several regions, such as leprosy, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, viral hepatitis, among others, as well as emerging diseases in recent decades, as HIV infection/Aids. In this context, more attention has been given to the occurrence of metabolic disturbances in the recent years, mainly from the observation of a high incidence of metabolic disorders associated with HIV infection/Aids, and its therapy with antiretroviral drugs. This review addresses clinical and epidemiological aspects of metabolic disturbances reported in some infectious and parasitic diseases with worldwide and local (Brazil) relevance, as well as possible mechanisms and factors involved in these associations. |
| PMID: 21340170 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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| 6. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Jan;84(1):85-90.Autonomic dysfunction and risk factors associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection among children in Arequipa, Peru.Bowman NM, Kawai V, Gilman RH, Bocangel C, Galdos-Cardenas G, Cabrera L, Levy MZ, Cornejo del Carpio JG, Delgado F, Rosenthal L, Pinedo-Cancino VV, Steurer F, Seitz AE, Maguire JH, Bern C.Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. nbowman@post.harvard.edu AbstractChagas disease affects an estimated 8 million people in Latin America. Infected individuals have 20-30% lifetime risk of developing cardiomyopathy, but more subtle changes in autonomic responses may be more frequent. We conducted a matched case-control study of children in Arequipa, Peru, where triatomine infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection are emerging problems. We collected data on home environment, history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and autonomic testing. Signs of triatomine infestation and/or animals sleeping in the child's room and household members with Chagas disease were associated with increased infection risk. Electrocardiogram findings did not differ between cases and controls. However, compared with control children, infected children had blunted autonomic responses by three different measures, the Valsalva maneuver, the cold pressor test, and the orthostatic test. T. cruzi-infected children show autonomic dysfunction, although the prognostic value of this finding is not clear. Sustained vector control programs are essential to decreasing future T. cruzi infections. |
| PMID: 21212207 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 7. | Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Jan;84(1):78-84.Immunological identification of Trypanosoma cruzi lineages in human infection along the endemic area.Risso MG, Sartor PA, Burgos JM, Briceño L, Rodríguez EM, Guhl F, Chavez OT, Espinoza B, Monteón VM, Russomando G, Schijman AG, Bottasso OA, Leguizamón MS.Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. mkrisso@yahoo.com AbstractGenotyping studies show a polarized geographic distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi lineages in humans. Here, we assessed their distribution along Latin America through an immunological approach we designated Western blot (WB) assay with Trypomastigote small-surface antigen (TSSA) I and TSSA II (TSSA-WB). These antigens are expressed by T. cruzi I (TCI; now TcI) and T. cruzi II (TCII; reclassified as TcII to TcVI) parasites. TSSA-WB showed good concordance with genotyping tests. An unexpected frequency of TSSA II recognition was observed in Colombia, Venezuela, and Mexico (northern region of Latin America). In Argentina and Paraguay (southern region), immunophenotyping confirmed the already reported TCII (TcII to TcVI) dominance. The lineage distribution between these regions showed significant difference but not among countries within them (except for Colombia and Venezuela). TSSA-WB shows TCII emergence in the northern region where TCI was reported as dominant or even as the unique T. cruzi lineage infecting humans. |
| PMID: 21212206 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 8. | Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Nov 15;18(22):7826-35. Epub 2010 Sep 29.Studies toward the structural optimization of novel thiazolylhydrazone-based potent antitrypanosomal agents.Hernandes MZ, Rabello MM, Leite AC, Cardoso MV, Moreira DR, Brondani DJ, Simone CA, Reis LC, Souza MA, Pereira VR, Ferreira RS, McKerrow JH.Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Health Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil. AbstractIn previous studies, we identified promising anti-Trypanosoma cruzi cruzain inhibitors based on thiazolylhydrazones. To optimize this series, a number of medicinal chemistry directions were explored and new thiazolylhydrazones and thiosemicarbazones were thus synthesized. Potent cruzain inhibitors were identified, such as thiazolylhydrazones 3b and 3j, which exhibited IC(50) of 200-400nM. Furthermore, molecular docking studies showed concordance with experimentally derived structure-activity relationships (SAR) data. In the course of this work, lead compounds exhibiting in vitro activity against both the epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi were identified and in vivo general toxicity analysis was subsequently performed. Novel SAR were documented, including the importance of the thiocarbonyl carbon attached to the thiazolyl ring and the direct comparison between thiosemicarbazones and thiazolylhydrazones. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. |
| PMID: 20961766 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 9. | Trop Med Int Health. 2010 Jul;15 Suppl 2:36-41.Lay perceptions of kala-azar, mosquitoes and bed nets in Bihar, India.Mishra RN, Singh SP, Vanlerberghe V, Sundar S, Boelaert M, Lefèvre P.Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. rnmishra_prem@rediffmail.com AbstractOBJECTIVE: To describe the lay perception of kala-azar (KA) in an endemic area of Muzaffarpur District, Bihar, India: local names, symptoms, affected persons, perceived severity and modes of transmission, as well as perceived mosquito nuisance, modes of protection and use of bed nets. METHODS: We held 16 focus group discussions (FGD) in eight remote villages with altogether 157 participants in March 2008. Separate FGDs were held according to gender, socio-economic status (SES) and with key informants. RESULTS: Kala-azar is most commonly named pilahi. Poor people were said to be the most affected. Knowledge about symptoms was satisfactory. Fever and prolonged fever were the most stated symptoms. KA was perceived as a life-threatening disease with a heavy economic burden. Mosquito bites were perceived as the main mode of transmission but in lower socio-economic groups, non-vector-related explanations were also provided. The main modes of protection from mosquitoes mentioned were the use of fumes and bed nets. Season was the strongest factor influencing the use of bed nets and non-affordability for not owning them. CONCLUSIONS: Although the sand fly is not recognised as the vector, the relatively good awareness of disease transmission by mosquitoes and the nuisance caused by their high density might be an entry point for adopting preventive measures to protect from mosquito bite and thereby indirectly preventing from KA. Educational campaigns targeted to the poorer segments of society are needed to enhance knowledge about KA, its mode of transmission, risks of getting infected and to increase bed net use. |
| PMID: 20591080 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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| 10. | Planta Med. 2010 Oct;76(14):1600-4. Epub 2010 Apr 8.Antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, and cytotoxic activities of prenylated flavonoids isolated from the stem bark of Artocarpus styracifolius.Bourjot M, Apel C, Martin MT, Grellier P, Nguyen VH, Guéritte F, Litaudon M.Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. AbstractIn continuation of our efforts to find new antimalarial drugs, a systematic IN VITRO evaluation using a chloroquine resistant strain of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (FcB1) was undertaken on extracts prepared from various parts of Vietnamese plants. The ethyl acetate extract obtained from the stem bark of ARTOCARPUS STYRACIFOLIUS (Moraceae) exhibited strong antiplasmodial activity (87 % at 10 µg/mL) whereas weak cytotoxicity was observed in a human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Phytochemical investigation of this extract led to isolation of two new prenylated flavonoids, styracifolins A and B ( 1 and 2), as well as the known artoheterophyllin A ( 3) and B ( 4), artonins A ( 5), B ( 6), and F ( 7), and heterophyllin ( 8). Structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and through comparison with data reported in the literature. Compounds 1- 8 exhibited antiplasmodial activities with IC (50) values ranging from 1.1 µM to 13.7 µM, and compounds 1, 2, 6, and 8 showed significant antitrypanosomal activities. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York. |
| PMID: 20379954 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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